Strong X-ray emissions from binary system 3A 0726-260 discovered by Indian researchers

A New Signal for a Neutron Star Collision Discovered  NASA

Scientists have established that the origin of this signal is the binary system 3A 0726-260.

Using data provided by the AstroSat satellite, a team of Indian researchers was able to identify strong X-ray emissions from the 3A 0726-260 binary system, which consists of a magnetized neutron star and a regular star. Scientists explain that in the case of these systems, X-ray emissions are based on the material that the neutron star attracts from the atmosphere of the neighboring star, notes Phys.

First astronomy satellite ASTROSAT

The 3A 0726-260 system is about 20,000 light-years away, and as Indian scientists explain, it is one of the least studied pulsars in binary systems, although, according to their data. , it tends to be a fairly "bright" source, if we look at X-ray emissions. Astronomers have established that this system has an orbital period of 34.55 days, and the rotation period of the pulsar is 103 seconds.  Also, this 103-second pulse appears to be followed by a secondary, but weaker, pulse detected in another observer's data.

3A_0726-260 INTEGRAL Galactic Plane Scanning

"Changing the pulse profile from a single peak to a double-peaked structure can be explained by the intrinsic change that occurs in the beam pattern from a pencil beam to a hay beam, leading to the beam coming out of our line. visual. The change in the impulse process can also be attributed to a transition of the accretion model from a smooth, low-energy accretion stream to several narrow, high-energy accretion streams that are blocked in phase with the neutron star.


You may also like:

Australian Radio Telescope Parkes Joins $100 Million Search for Alien Life

Recently discovered galaxy is undergoing an extraordinary boom of stellar construction, clues to universe’s evolution

Young galaxies "born" at least 50 stars annually

Professor Jorge Rocca offer a new path to creating the extreme conditions found in stars, using ultra-short laser pulses irradiating nanowires

Representation of the creation of ultra-high energy density matter by an intense laser pulse irradiation of an array of aligned nanowires. Credit: R. Hollinger and A. Beardall

The energy density contained in the center of a star is higher than we can imagine -- many billions of atmospheres, compared with the 1 atmosphere of pressure we live with here on Earth's surface.

These extreme conditions can only be recreated in the laboratory through fusion experiments with the world's largest lasers, which are the size of stadiums. Now, scientists have conducted an experiment at Colorado State University that offers a new path to creating such extreme conditions, with much smaller, compact lasers that use ultra-short laser pulses irradiating arrays of aligned nanowires.

The experiments, led by University Distinguished Professor Jorge Rocca in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics, accurately measured how deeply these extreme energies penetrate the nanostructures. These measurements were made by monitoring the characteristic X-rays emitted from the nanowire array, in which the material composition changes with depth.

HPLSE editorial tribute to Professor David Neely

OPN Talks with Jorge Rocca photo: Optics & Photonics News

Numerical models validated by the experiments predict that increasing irradiation intensities to the highest levels made possible by today's ultrafast lasers could generate pressures to surpass those in the center of our sun.

J. J. Rocca's research works Colorado State ResearchGate

The results, published Jan. 11 in the journal Science Advances, open a path to obtaining unprecedented pressures in the laboratory with compact lasers. The work could open new inquiry into high energy density physics; how highly charged atoms behave in dense plasmas; and how light propagates at ultrahigh pressures, temperatures, and densities.

Creating matter in the ultra-high energy density regime could inform the study of laser-driven fusion -- using lasers to drive controlled nuclear fusion reactions -- and to further understanding of atomic processes in astrophysical and extreme laboratory environments.

A strategy to achieve ultrahigh power and energy density in lithium-ion batteries Tech Xplore

The ability to create ultra-high energy density matter using smaller facilities is thus of great interest for making these extreme plasma regimes more accessible for fundamental studies and applications. One such application is the efficient conversion of optical laser light into bright flashes of X-rays.

Other articles on the same theme:

• The US Army will build the world's most powerful laser weapon

• Scientists convert carbon dioxide to create electricity

• Finally Solar Probe Plus (2018) will begin the Journey Into The Sun

• New Solar System Internet Technology Debuts on the International Space Station

Story source: 

 

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Sciencedaily. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

A famous physicist demonstrated that the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to the wrong person

2015 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded for the discovery of  (neutrino oscillations) through which it is proved that neutrinos have mass. 

The report does not claim the prize holders deserved or not that research was flawed, the physicist argues that the way the commission interpreted discovery is wrong. The award was given for research into neutrinos, particles (phantom) which appear from nuclear interaction as well as the center of the sun.

Japanese Physicist Wins 2015 Nobel Prize For Neutrino Research

They are described as (ghost particles) because rarely interact with matter. The only way that scientists can detect the presence of neutrinos is through their interaction with subatomic weak forces and gravity, using Super-Kamiokande detector and the detector particles from Japan or Neutrino Sudbury Observatory (SNO) in Canada.

SNO detector installed underground, before cabling the photomultiplier tubes. (Courtesy of SNO) photo: wikipedia

Experts have discovered that there are three types of neutrinos - electronic, muon and taonic. A neutrino can become electronic or taonic, this process is called oscillation. Super-K detector that can detect muon neutrinos generated only by cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere, it revealed that the Earth is hit much more atmospheric neutrinos at the surface than in its interior. This phenomenon suggests that neutrinos oscillated while penetrated the atmosphere Super-K detector because he could not detect.



SNO detector team used in 2001 and 2002 for observation of the Sun neutrinos. One of their techniques can only detect electrons, neutrino and another method to detect all three types. The results showed that when the neutrino electron reached Earth, only 34% of them remained electrons neutrino, which means that over time changed their shape.

Nobel Committee for Physics interpreted these results as evidence that neutrinos can oscillate while traveling and finally they have mass.

Alexei Smirnov physicist from Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Germany stated in his work that the committee members have used the wrong word (oscillation). 

He believes the Japanese team successfully proved oscillation action, but the team that used the SNO detector proved what was happening to the neutrinos from the Sun, more subtle change.

Physicist Awarded Einstein Medal ICTP

photo: taringa.net

Smirnov believes that neutrinos from the Sun change its type, but not through oscillations as Nobel committee members have understood.


Other articles on the same theme:

• NOBEL PHYSICS 2016. Nobel Prize winners are David DJ. Thouless, F. M. Duncan Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz

• 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to researchers Jean Pierre Sauvage Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa

• NOBEL PEACE 2016. Juan Manuel Santos, Colombia president

• Physicists have made an unexpected discovery related to the second law of thermodynamics, one of the most important principles of physics

• Yoshinori Ohsumi won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2016

Chandra X-Ray Observatory Recently discovered new SPT0346-52. Galaxy is undergoing an extraordinary boom of stellar construction, clues to universe’s evolution and big bang

The distorted galaxy in the simulation results from a collision between two galaxies, followed by them merging. Astronomers think such a merger could be the reason why SPT0346-52 is having such a boom of stellar construction. Once the two galaxies collide, gas near the center of the merged galaxy (shown as the bright region in the center of the simulation) is compressed, producing a burst of new stars. The composite inset shows X-ray data from Chandra (blue), short wavelength infrared data from Hubble (green), infrared light from Spitzer (red) at longer wavelengths, and infrared data from ALMA (magenta) at even longer wavelengths. (The light from SPT0346-52 is distorted and magnified by the gravity of an intervening galaxy, producing three elongated images in the ALMA data located near the center of the image. SPT0346-52 is not visible in the Hubble or Spitzer data, but the intervening galaxy causing the gravitational lensing is detected.) There is no blue at the center of the image, showing that Chandra did not detect any X-rays that could have signaled the presence of a growing black hole. Credit: Image courtesy of CXC Press Office.

A recently discovered galaxy is undergoing an extraordinary boom of stellar construction, revealed by a group of astronomers led by University of Florida graduate student Jingzhe Ma using NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

The galaxy known as SPT 0346‐52 is 12.7 billion light years from Earth, seen at a critical stage in the evolution of galaxies about a billion years after the Big Bang.

Chandra Overview NASA

Astronomers first discovered SPT 0346‐52 with the National Science Foundation's South Pole Telescope, then observed it with space and ground-based telescopes. Data from the NSF/ESO Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile revealed extremely bright infrared emission, suggesting that the galaxy is undergoing a tremendous burst of star birth.

South Pole Telescope - Wikipedia

SPT 0346-52 is part of a population of strong gravitationally-lensed galaxies photo: discovered Sci-News.com

However, an alternative explanation remained: Was much of the infrared emission instead caused by a rapidly growing supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center? Gas falling towards the black hole would become much hotter and brighter, causing surrounding dust and gas to glow in infrared light. To explore this possibility, researchers used NASA's Chandra X‐ray Observatory and CSIRO's Australia Telescope Compact Array, a radio telescope.

No X‐rays or radio waves were detected, so astronomers were able to rule out a black hole being responsible for most of the bright infrared light.

About Australia Telescope Compact Array - CSIRO

"We now know that this galaxy doesn't have a gorging black hole, but instead is shining brightly with the light from newborn stars," Ma said. "This gives us information about how galaxies and the stars within them evolve during some of the earliest times in the universe."

Stars are forming at a rate of about 4,500 times the mass of the Sun every year in SPT0346-52, one of the highest rates seen in a galaxy. This is in contrast to a galaxy like the Milky Way that only forms about one solar mass of new stars per year.

"Astronomers call galaxies with lots of star formation 'starburst' galaxies," said UF astronomy professor Anthony Gonzalez, who co-authored the study. "That term doesn't seem to do this galaxy justice, so we are calling it a 'hyper-starburst' galaxy."

The high rate of star formation implies that a large reservoir of cool gas in the galaxy is being converted into stars with unusually high efficiency.

Astronomers hope that by studying more galaxies like SPT0346‐52 they will learn more about the formation and growth of massive galaxies and the supermassive black holes at their centers.

"For decades, astronomers have known that supermassive black holes and the stars in their host galaxies grow together," said co-author Joaquin Vieira of the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. "Exactly why they do this is still a mystery. SPT0346-52 is interesting because we have observed an incredible burst of stars forming, and yet found no evidence for a growing supermassive black hole. We would really like to study this galaxy in greater detail and understand what triggered the star formation and how that affects the growth of the black hole."

Joaquin Vieira Wins Sloan Fellowship Astronomy at Illinois

SPT0346‐52 is part of a population of strong gravitationally-lensed galaxies discovered with the SPT. It appears about six times brighter than it would without gravitational lensing, which enables astronomers to see more details than would otherwise be possible.



Other articles on the same theme:

• Young galaxies "born" at least 50 stars annually

• Astronomers issued a shocking theory about the universe: 'The Universe is Flat!

• The First Stars in the Universe could provide clues about Dark Matter

• It was created the most complex map of the Milky Way . It shows that our galaxy is much more extensive than previously thought

Story source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Sciencedaily . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

IMPRESSIVE discovery on Pluto. How will it affect the planet's atmosphere?

After Pluto was no longer called planet, this was the highlight for scientific discoveries.

Discovering New Horizons probe conducted and other studies of Pluto changed the ideas we had about dwarf planet researchers.

Now a team of researchers has discovered something remarkable: Pluto emit X team used data from NASA's Chandra Observatory, which showed four times, from February 2014 to August 2015, that Pluto emits low-energy photons X-ray light

,, We first detected X-rays which are emitted by an object in the Kuiper Belt Pluto and I understand that interacts with the solar wind in an unexpected way, '' said Carey Lisse, leader of the team that conducted the study.

Impressive aspect is that photons of low energy could come from solar winds entering the planet's atmosphere pitice.Combination nitrogen, carbon and oxygen likely attract photons from the solar wind, creating beacons of radiation X.

X-ray detection and provides information about how Pluto works. If X-rays are created disintegrated in the atmosphere mean that Pluto's atmosphere burns slowly in space.

Other articles on the same theme:

• KEPLER SPOTS 100+ MORE EXOPLANETS, SOME POTENTIALLY HABITABLE WE'VE GOT EXOPLANETS ON EXOPLANETS

• Cloudy days on exoplanets may hide atmospheric water

• 4,000 confirmed exoplanets similar to Earth

• 10 fascinating planets outside the Solar System

Source: Futurism