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| Istanbul - Museo archeologico - Testa di statua dell'imperatore romano Diocleziano (284-305 d.C.) credit wikipedia |
Diocletian born Diocles (22 December 244 – 3 December 311) was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become Roman cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus.
Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. He appointed fellow officer Maximian as Augustus, co-emperor, in 286. Diocletian reigned in the Eastern Empire, and Maximian reigned in the Western Empire. Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars, junior co-emperors, under himself and Maximian respectively. Under this 'tetrarchy', or "rule of four", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299, the Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in Egypt between 297 and 298.
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| A 1581 reprint of the Digestorum from Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis (527–534). The Corpus drew on the codices of Gregorius and Hermogenian, drafted and published under Diocletian's reign. credit wikipedia |
Galerius, aided by Diocletian, campaigned successfully against Sassanid Persia, the empire's traditional enemy. In 299 he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon. Diocletian led the subsequent negotiations and achieved a lasting and favourable peace.
Why Famous: Roman emperor from 284 to 305. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299. He styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. He is perhaps best remembered for "The Diocletianic Persecution" (303–11), the empire's largest and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity.
Died: December 3, 311
- 762 Bögü, Khan of the Uyghurs, conquers Lo-Yang, capital of the Chinese Empire
In 657 the Western Turkic Khaganate was defeated by the Tang dynasty, after which the Uyghurs defected to the Tang. Prior to this the Uyghurs had already shown an inclination towards alliances with the Tang when they fought with them against the Tibetans and Turks in 627
In 742, the Uyghurs, Karluks, and Basmyls rebelled against the Second Turkic Khaganate
Basmyls captured the Turk capital of Otukan and killed the reigning Özmiş Khagan. Later that year a Uyghur-Karluk alliance formed against the Basmyls and defeated them. Their khagan was killed and the Basmyls ceased to exist as a people. Hostilities between the Uyghurs and Karluks then forced the Karluks to migrate west into Zhetysu and conflict with the Turgesh, whom they defeated and conquered in 766.
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| The Uyghur Khaganate at its greatest extent credit wikipedia |
The Uyghur leader was from the Yaghlakar clan (Old Turkic language: Old Turkic letter R1.svgOld Turkic letter Q.svgOld Turkic letter L1.svgOld Turkic letter G1.svgOld Turkic letter Y1.svg, Jaγlaqar, Chinese: 藥羅葛; pinyin: Yàoluógé), one of the nine original Uyghur tribes that made up the Uyghur Khaganate, along with 胡咄葛 Huduoge, 啒罗勿 Guluowu, 貊歌息讫 Mogexiqi, 阿勿嘀 A-Wudi, 葛萨 Gesa, 斛嗢素 Huwasu, 藥勿葛 Yaowuge, Xiyawu 奚牙勿. Aside from the Uyghurs were six other Tiele tribes: Pugu (仆骨); Hun (浑); Bayegu (拔野古) (Bayïrku); Tongluo (同罗) (Tongra); Sijie (思结); & Qibi (契苾) (Kibir). The Uyghur khagan's personal name was Qullığ Boyla or Guli Peiluo (Chinese: 骨力裴羅). He took the title Qutlugh Bilge Köl Kaghan "Glorious, wise, mighty kaghan", claiming to be the supreme ruler of all the tribes. He built his capital at Ordu-Baliq. According to Chinese sources, the territory of the Uyghur Empire then reached "on its eastern extremity, the territory of Shiwei, on the west the Altai Mountains, on the south it controlled the Gobi Desert, so it covered the entire territory of the ancient Xiongnu
- 1695 Zumbi last leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil and ex-slave, is executed
Zumbi (1655 – November 20, 1695), also known as Zumbi dos Palmares (Portuguese pronunciation: [zũˈbi dus pɐwˈmaɾis]), was an important warrior figure in Brazilian history, being one of the pioneers of resistance to slavery.
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| Busto de Zumbi dos Palmares em Brasília. credit wikipedia |
He was also the last of the kings of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a settlement of Afro-Brazilian people who had liberated themselves from enslavement, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. Zumbi today is revered in Afro-Brazilian culture as a powerful symbol of anti-slave and anti-colonial resistance
- 1815 2nd Treaty of Paris: France & her allies agree France pay indemnities after Battle of Waterloo, ending Napoleonic Wars
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| A map of the Eastern boundary of France to illustrate The Second Peace of Paris 20th Nov. 1815 credit wikipedia |
Treaty of Paris of 1815,[1] was signed on 20 November 1815 following the defeat and second abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte. In February, Napoleon had escaped from his exile on Elba; he entered Paris on 20 March, beginning the Hundred Days of his restored rule. Four days after France's defeat in the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was persuaded to abdicate again, on 22 June. King Louis XVIII, who had fled the country when Napoleon arrived in Paris, took the throne for a second time on 8 July.
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