VENUS -projects and ideas for terraforming this world into a New Earth

The planet Venus has the same gravity as Earth, it is twice as close to the Sun as we are.

After the Venusian terraforming there would be two perfectly habitable areas from the start, namely the polar areas that are permanently lit by the sun, ie there we have an eternal day (if instead of ozone we had a gas from floating micro-bubbles with hydrogen that would generate a fluorescent refraction-reflection effect from the light side of the planet to the dark side of it considering that the Venusian day and night last for a whole year). about 243 Earth

On Venus, a day lasts about 243 Earth-days. That's longer than it takes the planet to complete an orbit around the Sun. So, a Venusian year actually spans just 225 Earth-days

Until we reach the level set out above, we will have to get rid of the dense Venusian atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which is currently at approx. 100 atmospheres pressure and approx. + 400-500 degrees Celsius.

The whole thing could be done by a single intelligent gas with floating micro-bubbles, gas shield that would become opaque to light and thus keep the planet Venus cold and very cold.

The cooling of the planet will also be done by a stationary shadow, a screen solar satellite located quite close to the Sun and perfectly synchronized with the Venusian position and motion in orbit, so the remaining carbon dioxide could solidify and deposit on the Venusian surface in large caps just like on Mars but not in the habitable polar zones but on the rest of the planet where it will be an eternal evening.

This solution could be applied singularly as a complete solution.

Carbon dioxide becomes and remains solid at -50 / -70 C and a pressure of over 5 atm, so the entire Venusian atmosphere could be reduced to carbon snow and would remain a nitrogen atmosphere.

We would quickly get a planet like Mars but with an atmospheric pressure similar to the terrestrial one and made up mainly of nitrogen and some oxygen, and the polar areas would be warm and habitable.

Water would be obtained by deep drilling.

The American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson reveals: How long can you survive on every planet in the Solar System

photo: curiosity.com

Apart from Terra, things are not rosy on other planets regarding life, the longest being more than two minutes (with no spacesuit and if you hold your breath), and the shortest practically instant.

Mercury, which is always showing only one side of the Sun, offers the possibility of death (almost instant) or from excessively high temperatures or at a temperature excessively low.

Atmosphere of Venus is suitable, but for a furnace atmosphere composition that if we add 97% carbon dioxide and the remaining 3% of a number of toxic substances.

Mars because the rarified atmosphere, low temperature does not feel so strong, but the air, of course, is unbreathable. Tyson gives the chance of survival of less than 2 minutes.The rest of the planets give no chance of survival even for a second, pressures, temperatures and atmospheric composition being in no way suitable to sustain life.

Key Facts In This Video


1
On Mercury, the side that faces the sun is super hot, and the opposite side is extremely cold. (0:51)

Mercury observatory.astro.utah.edu

Atmosphere of Mercury - Universe Today

2
The surface of Venus is 900 degrees Fahrenheit, hotter than a pizza oven. (1:11)

This is an actual picture taken on the surface of Venus Reddit

3
Jupiter has no surface to land on—you would descend into its gaseous atmosphere until you were crushed by the pressure. (1:54)

On Earth is ok. In many places. Well, in some places, but the blame is not only the planet.

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Story source: 

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Curiosity . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Was Venus Once A Habitable World Like Earth?

Experts assume that traces habitable landforms would have disappeared after a few hundred million years.

Until now, attention to the search for a habitable planet was focused on Mars, since it is assumed that it had a structure similar to Earth. There are, however, argue that we should take into account other variables such as, for example, Venus.

In a study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, a team of American researchers simulated the appearance that supposedly had a Venus, recreating how its surface showed, but the amounts of sunlight that reached here. The experiment results have led scientists to conclude that the planet was habitable in 2.9 billion years ago and 715 million years before, because here there is a temperature and water surfaces similar to those on Terra.

However, no evidence was found so far to indicate the presence of water on the surface of Venus, as it happens, for example, in the case of Mars. Here, researchers have identified the fingerprints of former rivers and oceans and believe that such structures could be found on Venus, but they were reshaped during volcanic activity occurred ago over 700 million years.

Experts have assumed, since Venus there was a habitable environment, should not exclude the possibility that there existed forms of life: ,, Both planets have oceans where water might have come into contact with rocks and organic molecules, giving rise to chemical processes. From what we know so far, these are the conditions that make possible the emergence of life, "says David Grinspoon, one of the coordinators of the study conducted by the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona.

Although Venus was habitable for nearly 2 billion years, it is uncertain whether complex life forms could have developed during this period. In this regard, we are given the example of the Earth, where the development of complex organisms lasted about 3 billion years.

Even if the history of living on Venus could be considered, scientists say, however, that we need much more information to reach a conclusion in this regard

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Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by iflscience.com . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

A special cosmic phenomenon will happen in August.The Event Will Be seen from anywhere in the world, with the naked eye.

In case you missed alignment of the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn earlier this year, you'll have the opportunity to be witnessing a similar event to be held in August. The same five planets will be visible after sunset and before sunrise is not, as has been the case with previous phenomenon.

According to researcher Dr. Alan Duffy (Swinburne University in Melbourne, Australia), planetary alignment can be best seen in August 21.

The astronomical phenomenon can be observed most clearly after sunset, at which Mercury and Venus will be at the smallest distance from the solar orb. For example, Venus will be positioned at a time, at an angle of only 10 degrees from the sun.

Venus and Jupiter will be most easily seen with the naked eye, since they are some of the largest cosmic objects in the Solar System. Mercury, Mars and Saturn will be also sighted in the sky, but they will be less visible.

The alignment of Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn can be seen from any place on Earth, and if you miss and this event will have the opportunity to witness one similar to what will occur in October 2018





Source: iflscience.com

Finally Solar Probe Plus (2018) will begin the Journey Into The Sun

Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 

After 60 years of dreaming of a close-up solar mission, it's quickly approaching time for NASA to realize that goal. Last week, the agency announced that the Solar Probe Plus mission has moved into "advanced development" ahead of a launch in 2018. It's being built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL).

RELATED: Magnetic 'Braids' May Cook the Sun

Solar Probe Plus has an exciting few years ahead of it following the launch, including no less than seven (!) Venus flybys and a daring plunge into the corona, or the outer atmosphere of the sun. Here are some of the science details for you to brush up on:

Key elements of the solar probe plus mission of NASA

1. Staring down the Sun

Where does the sun's energy flow? How is the outer atmosphere heated? These are some of the main questions that NASA's Solar Probe Plus will answer. The microphone drp will happen when the probe gets the chance to fly through the solar corona, something scientists have wanted to do for 60 years but couldn't until the technology caught up. "Solar Probe Plus is a true mission of exploration; for example, the spacecraft will go close enough to the Sun to watch the solar wind speed from subsonic to supersonic, and it will fly ghrough the birthplace of the highest-energy solar particles," JHUAPL wrote on the mission website. "Still, as with any great mission of discovery, Solar Probe Plus is likely to generate more questions than it answers."

2. Seven lucky Venus flybys

It's very common for spacecraft to use gravity assists to reduce their fuel requirements (which saves on launch weight and therefore money). But the tradeoff for Solar Probe Plus will be time as it flies seven times by the planet Venus between 2018 and 2024. It's only after the seventh flyby that Solar Probe Plus will be close enough to the sun to do all of the science that researchers desire. That said, the spacecraft will not be idle during this time. You can bet it will be looking at the star from afar, and that when it flies by Venus at least some science instruments will be turned on to look at the planet. It's like a bonus Venus mission.

3. Braving the sun's fury

Solar Probe Plus will need to withstand a lot of heat when it gets up close to the sun. It's closest approach is expected at 3.7 million miles (5.9 million kilometers), about seven times closer than Mercury ever gets to the sun. This also handily beats the record set by the Helios 2 spacecraft, which really just grazed the inside of Mercury's orbit. It passed about 27 million miles (44 million kilometers) from the sun in Apirl 1976. From both close up and afar, it will look at the solar wind (the stream of particles from the sun). energy transfer through the sun , and something called "dusty plasma" — superheated gas with suspended particles in it — near the sun.

4. Magnetic Madness

The sun has a lot of mysteries surrounding its magnetic field. The main one is why the sun reverses olarity every 11 years in a cycle which sees it go from a weakling with pracically no sunspots, to a monster spewing solar flares, and back to a weakling again before switching polariteis once more. 

A bit part of the Solar Probe Plus mission is to probe the magnetic field and other parts of the sun to make better prediction sabout when the next flare will head towrads Earth. Big-enough solar flares can cause damage to satellites and even power lines. This image from the Solar Dynamics Observatory shows just how complicated the magnetic field is. "The complex overlay of lines can teach scientists about the wyas the sun's magnetism changes in response to the constant movemetn on and inside the sun," NASA wrote in March. "Note how the magnetic fields are densest near the bright spots visible on the sun — which are magnetically strong active regions — and many of the field lines link one active region to another."

5. Building for the long haul

If you're going to get close to the sun for long periods of time, you have to make sure your spacecraft can take the heat. Solar Probe Plus will carry a huge shield that is eight fee in diameter and 4.5 inches thick, made up of carbon-carbon carbon foam. Its solar arrays, JHUAPL said, will move around to make sure that the panels maintain the proper heat and power, retracting and extending as required. 

Some "heat-resistant technologies," JHUAPL added, came from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, a Mercury probe that flew by the planet three times before settling into an orbital mission that ran between 2011 and 2015. For example, the solar shield on Solar Probe Plus is similar toe designs of MESSENGER's sunshade.

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by NASA . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.