Accelerated interstellar spacecraft based on magnetic levitation on moon

NASA says Maxar will build first big piece for Gateway in lunar GeekWire

I have noticed that things are moving in this direction which is becoming somewhat secretive like many other major scientific discoveries. We must consider the advice of the most enlightened mind in the last decade of science, and that can only be Stephen Hawking, who said to hasten the colonization of other planets because a catastrophe can destroy the earth at any time. Stephen didn't even think that a virus could be the cause you can read below and let's get back to the main topic

• Stephen Hawking's new ship could reach the "second Earth" in the next 20 years

A spacecraft launched from a massive Magnetic Levitation Accelerator located on the moon could reach relatively high relativistic speeds at this stage, which no other means of propulsion can do practically and start from the great Hawking project and many other space science projects we can succeed.

 Magnetic Levitation Accelerator model

4 Coil Ring Accelerator Digital Magnetic Levitation Cyclotron High-tech Physics Model Diy Kit Kids Toys Gift

If such a ship without a human crew had a compact nuclear fusion reactor, say in a few decades, then humanity could have spacecraft that could reach Alpha Centauri and a few other nearby star systems with planets like Proxima b one of the nearest planets the closest planet outside the Solar System, "A telluric exoplanet, which is in the habitable zone of the star Proxima Centauri.in just a few years. decades".

The two bright stars are (left) Alpha Centauri and (right) Beta Centauri, both binaries. The faint red star in the center of the red circle, at right angles to both and south-east of Alpha is Proxima Centauri, intensely red, smaller in size, weaker in brightness and a distant third element in a triple star system with the main close pair forming Alpha Centauri. Taken with Canon 85mm f/1.8 lens with 11 frames stacked, each frame exposed 30 seconds. image wikipedia

People could withstand huge accelerations using liquid and gel capsules for compensation or even a rotating sector of the ship that by centrifugal force would compensate for the ship's acceleration. Such a hybrid ship would also have a magnetic parachute that would activate when meeting the Alpha Centauri heliopause.

Voyager - NASA

I don't know, but let's look at some numbers ... speed of light: 300,000 (3 hundred thousand) km/second!!! alpha Centauri: 4.3 light-years ... if 10% of the speed of light could be obtained, ie 30 thousand km / s, then the journey would take 43 years ... ok ... the fastest thing launched by man, voyager 1, travels at 17.26 km / s ... so we should, in exact numbers, get from 17.26 to 29979 km / s, that is 1736 times faster than mankind has managed so far, to reach +4 decades! You have low gravity per month, but how much are the acceleration increase and the braking problem?

Energies Free Full-Text A Study on a Linear Magnetic-Geared

The system would be feasible for launching anything into orbit without any rocket systems. The moon has an orbital speed of 1022m / s so very low, with a rifle you can shoot a bullet at a higher speed. It would have the advantage that it does not require rocket fuel or expensive rocket engines and you can launch large loads. To reach 1100m / s with an acceleration of 1g, 60km is enough.

Since even people can bear 2-3 G FORCE without big problems, a perfectly achievable 30 and 20 km launch ramp would be enough but of course, ramps or even hundreds of km can be built to reach the desired speeds, regardless of costs considering that it is about the survival of the human species that is self-destructing since 1900. Future galactic colonization ships are the launchpad to Mars and many other planets and solar systems like Alpha Centauri. You can't leave the earth with a ship big enough to carry everything you need, but you can get off the moon.

• Homo galacticus colonization and how human body will be affected

United Arab Emirates Has a Plan to Colonize Mars Universe Today

You can make it from pieces that connect like this international station that was also made of pieces launched one by one, only that from the moon you can launch much larger pieces. Until we have a monthly station, I don't think we'll reach Mars with a human crew at least not very soon.

The centrifugal force would be very high at the speeds required only for launching into orbit and it would be extremely difficult to make this ring. It would not have special advantages over a linear accelerator that is much easier to achieve technically.


It cannot move in a circle, the centrifugal force becomes excessive. Even at a modest, strong, and enormous speed. Let's take a ring with a radius of 10km and an object that goes with 1km / sec so the monthly orbital speed which is very low compared to the cosmic speeds. The centrifugal force will be equal to 100x the mass of the object. And the objects inside the supposed ship will suffer the same force, it's as if they are exposed to 100g so you can't have passengers in the ship even at this modest speed because people can't tolerate more than 5-6g and that for a long time. Besides, the ring should be very strong to withstand such forces.

 Magnetic levitation should withstand this force so it should in turn be very high totally unlikely to be achieved practically. There are fantasies that some launch but they don't think (and they haven't been to school either). To have the only 5g on a 10km ring, the speed range would be only 223m / s. To reach the launch speed on the moon with only 5g centrifugal force would require a ring with a radius of 200km. It is much easier to make a linear accelerator.

All these physio-fusion-nuclear (see, you can do in 3 words.. we have a weak point. We do not know how to produce energy other than through thermal energy with thermal machines that require a hot and a cold source. The hot source is the fissile material but the cold source in space does not exist, the energy can be dissipated only by radiation which is very inefficient compared to cooling by conduction to another substance (air/water). This drastically limits us to the power we can get from a space reactor. At least until we find another way to produce electricity to power various other motors we can not hope for too much power in space.

Homo galacticus colonization and how human body will be affected

Different environmental conditions will cause the descendants of people who will colonize other worlds to differ from the people on Earth.

Colonization of space and new worlds seems to be the next step in the evolution of civilization and, possibly, of our species. Some researchers and enthusiasts are considering the possibility of leaving the planet for the sake of adventure or even driven by as many objective factors as possible: global warming, overpopulation or some pandemic virus like coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) . Currently, the technology we have does not allow us to turn such plans into reality, but that does not mean that we should not consider what the impact of a colonization of space might be on our species.

Medium Natasha Vita-More on Transhumanism & Space Colonization

The evolution of a species is closely linked to the environment and the challenges it brings to survival, given that conditions have remained relatively stable over the last thousand years, Homo sapiens, our species, has not needed major changes. However, such a radical change in the living environment: in environments with microgravity or with different amounts of radiation from those on Earth, it will certainly leave an impact on our species.


The bones

A number of SF authors, as well as researchers, have studied this issue and come to the conclusion that differences in gravity may change the density of our bones. Thus, some theorize that, for example, human settlers on a planet with a higher gravity than Earth will develop denser bones in order to support their weight.

Scott Solomon, an expert in evolutionary biology, argues in one of his books that leaving the planet will change us, here involving natural selection and genetic variations, to obtain those traits that help optimal adaptation to environmental conditions.


Space will change us

Whether we are talking about space travel to other planets or just limited missions in Earth orbit, microgravity affects us in a multitude of ways. A number of studies show that an environment with less severity than that on Earth will lead to a considerable decrease in bone density, anatomical transformations of the eye, changes in brain structure and even changes in the microbiome.

However, we must point out that, with the return to Earth conditions, human bodies seem to return to normal, even if at different rates depending on the period and characteristics specific to each individual who has spent a certain amount of time in space-bar.


Future generations

On earth, evolution plays an important role in determining how we look today, however, given the complexity of our social and cultural relationships, any analysis of the new generations must take both aspects into account. Thus, in addition to our genetic baggage, scientists also take into account the way we live. Thus, details like gravity or the amount of radiation our bodies absorb due to the ships or habitats we use are analyzed.

Scott Solomon argues in his book "Future Humans" that, under microgravity conditions, new generations of people with thicker bones may appear. Although it seems counterintuitive, he argues that an important part of the minerals we need to grow intrauterine come from our mothers' bones. Thus, for a woman to survive a pregnancy in space she should have, from the start, a higher bone density, over time, this will lead to the birth of people whose bone density could be higher than that of to the people of today, precisely to counteract the problems associated with microgravity.


The founder effect

When the colonization of other planets becomes a tangible reality, we must bear in mind that only certain people will be able to become the vanguard of human expansion. What this means? That communities that will form outside of Earth will have limited genetic diversity, which in genetics is called the founder effect. This means that the choice of the first settlers will have profound effects on the genes that will manifest in successive generations.

SlidePlayer Genetic Drift

"It always happens on Earth. Every time a new island rises from the sea, there will be some plants and some insects and other species that will eventually make their way there. And whatever characteristics and traits they have, they will be the characteristics that will be present in that population ", explains Dr. Solomon.

Under these conditions, explains Dr. Solomon, there is a possibility of a phenomenon that we could call "spatial eugenics", in which certain populations encounter problems related to obtaining a position on a colonist ship or space jobs in the cause of the genetic baggage that could make them more prone to certain problems caused by microgravity or radiation.

A new organ was discovered in the human body and helps in better understanding evolution, devolution of man

Anatomical diagram of the mesentery. J Calvin Coffey/D Peter O'Leary/Henry Vandyke Carter/Lancet

Updated 14/05/2020

Last year – although a rather grim one by other measures – was a splendid one for research. From gravitational waves to cooing dinosaurs, we’ve uncovered a lot about the world around us, but as a remarkable new study has revealed, there’s a lot within us we’ve yet to discover too.

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• Human Appendix could have an important biological function and evolution of human

• 6 major disadvantages of human evolution and devolution of Man

Writing in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, scientists have officially announced the discovery of a new organ inside the human body. That’s right, there’s a brand new organ hiding in our abdomen and it’s only just been classified.

Known as the mesentery (meaning “in the middle of the intestines”), it can be found in our digestive systems. Leonardo da Vinci actually gave one of the first descriptions of it back in the day, but until around 2012 it was thought to be a series of separate structures keeping the intestines attached to the abdominal wall, like a series of support girders.

Mesentery - Mayo Clinic

A team from the University of Limerick, however, used complex microscopy work to confirm that the structures are all interconnected and appear to be part of one overall structure. Much of the research was conducted on patients undergoing an operation to remove most or all of their colon.

Having been taught to medical students since 2012 as being a new organ, it has now been added to the famous Gray’s Anatomy textbook and described in this new paper.

Gray's Anatomy (Barnes & Noble Collectible Editions)

“In the paper, which has been peer reviewed and assessed, we are now saying we have an organ in the body which hasn’t been acknowledged as such to date,” Calvin Coffey, a professor of surgery at the University of Limerick and coordinating author of the study, said in a statement.

Rather wonderfully though, apart from its supportive nature, medical experts aren’t any the wiser as to what the mesentery actually does. Its proximity to the intestines may give researchers a hint, but no definitive conclusions have yet been made.

New Organ Evolution

“We have established anatomy and the structure. The next step is the function,” Coffey added. 

“If you understand the function you can identify abnormal function, and then you have disease. Put them all together and you have the field of mesenteric science…the basis for a whole new area of science.”

Mesenteric Evolvinglymph nodes Pinterest

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tubes – carrying a blood plasma-like fluid that is rich in white blood cells – go via the mesentery to the intestines, so it clearly has an active function. Far more research needs to be done to actually find out what it does, though.

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Iflscience . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

6 major disadvantages of human evolution and devolution of Man

Elements of process of human evolution Vector photo: freedesignfile.com

Thinking about natural selection, we tend to think that is progress, just how strong and healthy people survived and were assured continuity. But in reality, the process is more complicated than that. For this to happen, natural selection did sometimes compromise and thus, people have developed certain traits that are, in fact, a real challenge in our lives.

The Progress of Technology and Devolution of Man Ascension Presents - Ascension Press

Updated 09/05/2020

3. Births are complicated
Compared species of monkeys, the human species is experiencing a very complicated birth, due to the fact that people pelvis is narrow compared to the size of the head and shoulders babies.

 "The pelvis is responsible for two people's positions, moving 2 feet, and the possibility of birth," 

said Karen Rosenberg, a paleontologist at the University of Delaware. Pelvic shape is given by a compromise between the two. 

Why Is Human Childbirth So Painful? American Scientist

People came with an interesting cultural answer to explain this difference between apes and humans. While birth is one solitary mammals, women receive a significant assistance. 

Moreover, researchers have argued that natural selection favored seeking assistance during birth and, although the reason seems much easier to overcome fear and pain, had an important role in reducing mortality.


1. We have back pain
Emergence of bipedalism was a major development in the evolution of human bipedal position by allowing us to travel long distances to use our hands as we move, but, however, is a disadvantage.

Slipped Disc and KST Chiropractic Care Keiran Chiropractic

If chimps and other quadrupeds akin to the human species, the backbone functions as a suspension bridge. 

"If the structure is placed horizontally in vertical position, it loses stability," 

said Jeremy DeSilva, a paleontologist at Dartmouth College. 

The simplest way to make a perfect structural backbone into a creature with a right upright as stacking the vertebrae, but the method for birth canal locks. Thus, the backbone must be involved in the process of bending, which can pave the way for an easier birth. The price you are paying back pain and movement disorders such as disk and fractures.


2. Anatomy feet I inherited from monkeys
If you analyze the existing prosthetic legs today, their structure resembles an ostrich leg. Human anatomy is not tracked because it is a little strange. 

Primate Feet Evolutionary Comps Pinterest

Rethinking the evolution of the human foot Journal of Experimental Biology - The Company of Biologists

DeSilva added that we inherited many elements of the anatomy of apes and legs are the best example. When we began on two legs, I did not need the flexibility of legs they have monkeys to climb trees, but because we inherited anatomy of apes, our legs and could be turned quite often, we face sprains and dislocations.


4. Crave for junk food
Sugar is an important element of energy, and the excess is converted into fat to cope with stressful moments in which we need more energy. 

Here's how eating sugar affects your body and brain The Independent 

Before the development of industry and agriculture when food sources were scarce or unreliable, sugar was necessary to survive. But nowadays, the sugar found in very many products, people exaggerate regarding its consumption. Thus, the current population is facing obesity and an increased risk of diabetes and high blood pressure.

From Diabetes to Athlete's Foot, Our Bodies Are Maladapted Discover Magazine

"The food industry has been very successful because we have the anatomical aspects of the Stone Age people who needed sugar, but nowadays this is our health", says Daniel Lieberman, a biologist at Harvard University.


5. We are dealing with mental illness
Natural selection has not removed the risk of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression, although these conditions are associated with low birth rate. 

The Evolution of Depression Obsessive Compulsive Diary

Scientists have discovered that people with mental illness brothers who suffer from these diseases can result, however, children will have these problems. Other researchers have analyzed the origin of these diseases, concluding that they are closely linked to progress. 

13 common signs and symptoms of depression Medical News Today

For example, while some symptoms of depression can affect a person decisive, conditions that create an analytical style of thinking can be very productive in terms of solving problems.

6. The molars creates pain
When people began to be bipedal, there was a major transformation: our brain has increased. To accommodate the new dimensions of the brain, face shape changed and became more narrow jaws. For many, this meant that the three molars or wisdom teeth have not occurred for proper develop, so they were affected. 

Our Skulls Are Out-Evolving Us OneZero - Medium

If these teeth are not extracted, can be extremely painful and cause infections. However, natural selection is still in constant development, a genetic mutation that stops the emergence of wisdom teeth begin to form is becoming more widespread and more people no longer have three molars.

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Researchers have revealed how Lucy, the oldest human ancestor, died

The known fossil of an ancestor is known by the name of Lucy. The new details about how he died were published in a study.

By using CT researchers have evaluated the fossil fractures of 3.81 million years ago. Lucy fractures by comparing with those of chimpanzee medical cases, experts have found that fractures are similar to those produced by the fall from the tree. A number of fractures of the upper right arm were the best indicator of a fall from the tree. Lucy probably tried to mitigate the fall before putting his arm. Other fractures were found in the left hip, left knee and left pelvis.

,, Death is one of the things that allow us to create a bridge between us and others. By discovering that I was more aware of it as an individual, '' said study author John Kapplerman, of the University of Texas.


Study fuels debate on how the members of the species Australopithecus afarensis lived in trees. Lucy probably lived mostly on land, but would have climbed the tree to protect from predators, suggested Kappleman.

Story source: 


The above post is reprinted from materials provided by TIME  . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

The discovery that changes everything about the human brain "Cartographers of the Brain"

Updated: 28/04/2020

The new map will help scientists better understand the new unknown areas of the human brain.

A team of researchers created the most detailed map of the human brain, skull radiographs using more than 100 people, to identify nearly 100 new regions of the cerebral cortex.

The new map defines 180 cortical areas, which helps scientists to understand better how we think, talk or feel, giving them new information about conditions such as autism, schizophrenia and dementia.

,, The brain is like a computer that can support any operating system and can run any software, "said neurologist David Van Essen, the University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Washington.

,, In fact, the operation mode is related to the structure of the brain. If you want to know what the brain can do, you should know as organized and connected, '' added the American scientist.

To build the map, the researchers used information from the Human Connectome project, a study was conducted long-term and consisted in the creation of over 1,200 radiographs of young adults with a custom MRI.

World Science Festival Cartographers of the Brain

Information in this group, the researchers examined radiographs of 210 people, men and women. The radiographs were recorded measurements of the participants' cerebral cortex, the area that controls memory, thinking, speaking and consciousness.

Volunteers brain was scanned at rest and when the participant carry light loads, to be able to measure brain activity effectively.

By using an algorithm specially developed by researchers at Oxford University in Britain, scientists were able to identify distinct parts of the brain.

To ensure that the results are correct, scientists compared them with those obtained from investigations made on another group of 210 people.

Over 180 new regions were discovered in each of the two hemispheres of the brain. 83 have been identified in previous research, and other 97 new zones have been identified in the new study.

,, There is a clear distinction between new parts discovered. In fact, the transition is gradual, indicating a mixture  and coordination between different sensory modalities and cognitive domains, "said the scientists.

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Some regions are more understandable than others. One of the regions 55b is activated when we hear a story being related to language. Other researchers, however, are new and hard to understand, because some areas are related to many functions of the brain, which mean it takes a long time until specialists can understand the whole map of the brain.

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Source;  Science Alert