31 Bible facts about God and Devils crimes on Earth

I do not judge the God of the Jews and the God of the Christians. Here are just a few facts of his as the biblical authors imagined. I must mention that it is no different from other ancient gods like Zeus, Enlil, Amon-Ra, Odin, etc.

And if the universe is a simulation, a video game, and God is this player or developer, that's it, he has the right to do what he wants in this universe because it's just his game.

1. Condemning and punishing people to a horrible, unjust, mortal, and miserable life just because Adam and Eve disobeyed his command and ate the fruit stopped from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and from here all misfortunes departed, driving them away. from Eden. From that moment, the Creator condemned every human being born on this planet to experience weight, grow old, and die.

The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve by Stephen Greenblatt review – how a myth was exposed photo: The Guardian

Historically, hunter-gatherers wanted to eat more than nature gave them and began farming 12,000 years ago. Since then, there have been social inequalities, wars, famine, difficulties in agricultural work, human immunity and life expectancy have decreased, there have been diseases such as obesity, plague, malaria, tooth decay, venereal disease through the development of urban areas. I mean, we wanted to progress, but we have to take on the difficulties and put all this in the hands of God

2. The Great Biblical Flood - 20 million people drowned because they became sinners, including the giants of fallen angels who slept with human women

Historically, only a few thousand people were killed in the floods of Mesopotamia in the 2900s BC. as the Epic of Gilgamesh relates

FLOOD STORIES FROM MESOPOTAMIA photo: Facts and Details

But 20 million dead seems like a trifle for Mao Zedong and Stalin

3. The burning of Sodom and Gomorrah - several thousand inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah were burned alive for debauchery and arrogance, including Lot's wife just because she returned.

Archaeological evidence confirms that Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by intense fire photo: OpentheWord.org

History: around 2000 BC, two large prosperous Bronze Age trading cities were wiped off the face of the Earth by an earthquake and underground gas explosions, not by an angry god or a meteor shower.

4. Onan - because he masturbated and did not leave his wife pregnant according to God's command

Why Did God Kill Onan? (Bible and Contraception)  Dave Armstrong Patheos

5. Isaac - commanded Abraham to sacrifice him on the mountain like a lamb only to then tell him that he "put him to the test."

Why God Commanded Abraham to Kill Isaac The Cripplegate

6. The Ten Plagues of Egypt ruined the Egyptian economy and civilization by destroying hail and locust crops, fishing through the red Nile, killing animals with insects and lice, injuring people with bugs, and the three-day darkness of the desert storm. And God hardened Pharaoh's heart to refuse Moses' requests.

History: These catastrophes happened but at a long interval

7. The killing of the firstborn in Egypt by the angel of death because Pharaoh did not want to free the Jews from slavery at the request of Moses, resulting in thousands of deaths.

History: This also often happened in times of famine when fathers offered more food to newborns because they needed the most food and it happens that wheat crops are moistened, moldy, and infested with parasites.

8. The entire Egyptian army drowned in the thousands in the Red Sea after its separation because they were pursuing the Jews freed from slavery

The Crossing of the Red Sea — Nicolas Poussin Gallerix online museum

History: this fact is not proven, but battles are known through swamps where the Egyptians got a bit stuck against the Semitic peoples, but which were not recorded, the pharaohs of that time having the habit of making propaganda

9. The sons of Aaron, burned alive because they did not perform the proper ritual.

Aaron's moment of thundering silence   Yael Unterman  The Blogs - The Times of Israel

10. Thousands of Jews were killed after Moses caught them worshiping the golden statue of the goddess Hathor. Although God wrote in the tablets "Thou shalt not kill," He still commanded Moses to kill thousands of sinful Jews.

11. "2 million" hungry Jews, killed by epidemics and burned alive, held stranded in the desert for 40 years

I think what Yahweh did here is comparable to Hitler's Holocaust. The god behaves very badly with his chosen people

12. 50,000 Jews burned alive for touching or seeing the Ark of the Covenant and desecrating it as if it had radiation.

Lessons from the Ark of the Covenant : Christian Courier

Too bad it wasn't gold, it was wood.

13. Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their families are swallowed up by Pamnat because they assumed they were as holy as Moses.

Maybe he swallowed a shifting sand.

14. 15,000 Jews burned alive and killed by epidemic for following the Korah

15. Thousands of Jews bitten by snakes complained to Moses and could no longer bear their hand and dessert, but were eventually healed by a bronze pole in the shape of a serpent.

16. 24,000 Jews killed by the plague because they had sex with Moabite women and worshiped Baal. But maybe they died of syphilis.

17. Thousands of Amorites killed by hail for declaring war on Israel

Religion Bible Old Testament army Joshua defeats Editorial Stock Photo - Stock Image  Shutterstock

18. 200 Philistines killed and with their penises cut by David at God's command

19. King Ahaziah killed for seeking advanced medicine and not praying to God

20. 102 soldiers burned alive by Jews at the command of the prophet Elijah

Descărcați această imagi My Jewish Learning

21. 42 young men killed by bears for making fun of Elisha's bald spot

22. A lot of people ate lions because they were sinners

23. 185,000 Assyrian soldiers killed in sleep by the angel of God for invading Israel

Paleopathology and the Destruction of Sennacherib's Army Besieging Jerusalem in II Chronicles 32, II Kings 19 – Electrum Magazine

A higher number than the soldiers killed in the Somme in the First World War in one night, more like the victims of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

24. Jeroboam because he rebelled

Jeroboam - Wikipedia

25. Ezekiel's wife - just for God to show his point of view

26. So did Job's family, children, and servants, but then others brought him

27. Ananias - died of a heart attack, fell into Peter's arms because he lied

28. Herod - eaten by worms because he killed babies

History: it is not proven such a massacre, but indeed, he killed his sons, but he also built a lot

29. Jonah - swallowed by a "whale". He didn't die, but it's an absurd punishment, it sounds like some stupid beta game.

30. Jesus, His Son Himself - For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.   For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him.

He let him be betrayed by Judas, arrested, humiliated, mocked, spat upon, whipped, and crucified.

What kind of parent would do that to his child? Even a god to his son or demigod, there is no such atrocity in any other mythology and that is why the poor crowded to worship him because it is an atypical story about sacrifice for salvation.

Why wouldn't he do it from the start just by snapping his fingers like Thanos, to bring back paradise and salvation?

Why does it test our faith by causing us harm?

31. According to the Revelation of John, God will kill another 3, 387,272,727 people to Armageddon with meteorites, earthquakes, droughts, epidemics, famines, floods, fires, collapse, crises, wars, etc.

And that the souls of all sinners will end up in Hell.

Total:

At least 33 million people killed in 3,000 years!

Nothing compared to Stalin and Mao.

God cannot be judged by the laws or conceptions of men.

In an analogy with politics, God would be an absolute dictator, because he is the sole and eternal possessor of his unlimited powers. Even if it upsets us sometimes, who dares to rise against Him? All we have to do is pray and be content with what we receive.

The devil is not a negative equivalent of God, because he has no divine powers. The devil has only the power to tempt us, including against God, and He tolerates him to put us to the test because the trials strengthen us.

The devil does not exist separately from humans, but only in each of us. If you will, the devil is a genetic mutation at the origin of the appearance of human consciousness and, in particular, of the goal of immortality, which I interpret as immortality in a memetic sense. Resistance to temptation is how the human species can become truly immortal.

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Personal conclusion about God after reading the Bible

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VENUS -projects and ideas for terraforming this world into a New Earth

The planet Venus has the same gravity as Earth, it is twice as close to the Sun as we are.

After the Venusian terraforming there would be two perfectly habitable areas from the start, namely the polar areas that are permanently lit by the sun, ie there we have an eternal day (if instead of ozone we had a gas from floating micro-bubbles with hydrogen that would generate a fluorescent refraction-reflection effect from the light side of the planet to the dark side of it considering that the Venusian day and night last for a whole year). about 243 Earth

On Venus, a day lasts about 243 Earth-days. That's longer than it takes the planet to complete an orbit around the Sun. So, a Venusian year actually spans just 225 Earth-days

Until we reach the level set out above, we will have to get rid of the dense Venusian atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which is currently at approx. 100 atmospheres pressure and approx. + 400-500 degrees Celsius.

The whole thing could be done by a single intelligent gas with floating micro-bubbles, gas shield that would become opaque to light and thus keep the planet Venus cold and very cold.

The cooling of the planet will also be done by a stationary shadow, a screen solar satellite located quite close to the Sun and perfectly synchronized with the Venusian position and motion in orbit, so the remaining carbon dioxide could solidify and deposit on the Venusian surface in large caps just like on Mars but not in the habitable polar zones but on the rest of the planet where it will be an eternal evening.

This solution could be applied singularly as a complete solution.

Carbon dioxide becomes and remains solid at -50 / -70 C and a pressure of over 5 atm, so the entire Venusian atmosphere could be reduced to carbon snow and would remain a nitrogen atmosphere.

We would quickly get a planet like Mars but with an atmospheric pressure similar to the terrestrial one and made up mainly of nitrogen and some oxygen, and the polar areas would be warm and habitable.

Water would be obtained by deep drilling.

The turbulent future of the planet - Will humanity survive?

How Earthquakes and Volcanoes Reveal the Beating Heart Smithsonian Magazine

America is the most powerful country on the planet, but also the most dangerous in terms of geological risks.

The time when the great Californian earthquake could start is unknown and unpredictable, but it is expected that the state of California will be devastated by an earthquake caused by the San Andreas fault. Cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco could be buried or sunk.

Recent Earthquakes Map that uses Google Maps

Over the next 100 years, due to rising ocean levels caused by melting glaciers at the North Pole, the east coast of the United States could be flooded, including coastal cities such as New York, Boston, Baltimore, and Miami could be submerged. so building a dam around a city like New York would be as high a priority as the wall with Mexico. It is also expected that following climate change, tornadoes, and hurricanes will become more frequent, even constant, as whole regions. in America, including coastal areas, could become uninhabitable.

Protecting coastal cities from rising sea levels could cost the US Daily Mail 

The Yellowstone supervolcano in Wyoming could erupt in the next thousand years, with the last eruption taking place 630,000 years ago. The eruption of this supervolcano could be fatal to America because the eruption is the equivalent of thousands of nuclear bombs, so hundreds of thousands of Americans in the vicinity of the volcano could be killed instantly. Volcanic ash will cover 500 miles in the first phase, then spread around the globe, resulting in a volcanic winter that will last several years.

Experts Raised 'Increased Warning' Over Active Volcanos Amid "High Tech Time 

Tens of millions of Americans will die, plus tens of millions more people worldwide due to the collapse of the global economy and compromised crops. Recovery could take decades.

Desertification is another major threat that could affect Mexico and South American states like Texas, with the risk of a drinking water crisis, which will aggravate uncontrollable immigration, while Canada and North American states are increasingly threatened by winters. cold and snowy, covered by a small local ice age.

The Yellowstone supervolcano is a disaster waiting to happen Washington Post

Europe is not doing well either, given that the climate tends to become tropical, with summers becoming increasingly dry and hot, which would mean an increase in cases of malaria and other epidemics, as well as the disappearance of plant and animal species adapted to the temperate environment.

Rising ocean and sea levels could lead to the fragmentation of coastal states such as Italy, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, which could be completely covered by water.

List of largest volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

In Asian countries such as India and Iraq, but also in Africa, desertification will wreak havoc and the drinking water crisis, so uncontrollable mass immigration, escalating terrorism and local resource wars will become serious threats to the existence of the European Union that will not be able to cope.

In Italy, the imminent eruption of Vesuvius could lead to the destruction of the city of Naples, and half of Europe could be covered by a cloud of volcanic ash so that crops will be destroyed and the air transport system will be grounded. Indeed, Europe will be paralyzed for many years.

The planet's magnetic field has decreased in intensity for some time !

 Solar wind magnetic field interacts the Earth's magnetic field ResearchGate

Reading some articles about the earth's magnetic field, I saw that they say that this field has decreased in intensity for some time. As such, we are more exposed than ever to radiation or particles.

But can we have a solution to this problem? Of course, it is an extremely easy one, which I think you can easily guess. I would suggest climbing with the help of satellite rockets, some pieces of special windows or something like that, which we let float at a certain altitude among the remains of disused satellites, whose role would be to reduce the intensity of the waves and stop particles to advance into the atmosphere. Obviously it would take quite a few rockets and tons of such windows launched above the earth's atmosphere.

Magnetic Earth Popular Mechanics

But in the end it would be enough to reduce the dangerous radiation. How will we collect them if the radiation intensity decreases for a long time?  We would make a metal edge for them that will be connected to a magnet that walks through space collecting all these things and holding them like that until they will need to be released and scattered again.

Sources of ionizing radiation in interplanetary space. image wikipedia

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Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Global Warming can start the process of desertification of the Planet Earth as Sahara was Jungle a millennium ago

Sahara Jungle 10 000 years ago

A recent study brings us extremely worrying news: in 50 years, rising temperatures will dramatically affect the lives of more than three billion people.

10,000 years ago, the Sahara Desert was one of the wettest areas on Earth

This situation is proving extremely unfortunate, especially if we take into account the problems related to food security for these people whose agricultural land will become useless, notes Futurism.

Desert Earth Planet by Fragile-stock on DeviantArt

Fortunately, if we can say so, this is one of the darkest scenarios, but it starts from the reality we live in: insufficient actions related to stopping global warming and the continuous increase of carbon dioxide emissions globally.

Desert Earth ~ 3D Model ~ Download

The study points out that on every inhabited continent there will be a series of regions whose conditions will be extremely harsh and will not allow human life, among these regions are: Brazil, North Africa or India. This increase in temperatures will lead to the expansion of the temperate climate to more northern regions: Canada or even the Arctic.

Earth's Deserts: Definition Study.com

The direct consequence of these changes in environmental conditions will be the increase in the number of climate refugees, who will have to move from regions close to the equator to the north and south of the planet in search of less affected regions.



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Stephen Hawking's new ship could reach the "Second Earth" in the next 20 years

Stephen Hawking says humanity must find a new home Max Alexander/Starmus

The renowned physicist Stephen Hawking is working on a spacecraft that can travel at a fifth of the speed of light – meaning it could reach the nearest star and send back images of a suspected ‘Second Earth’ within 25 years – in a bid to save humanity.

The Space Telescope That Could Find a Second Earth Space Air & Space Magazine

In a speech at the Starmus Festival, Professor Hawking warned humans must soon colonise another planet if we are to survive.

One explanation for why Earth has not been contacted by an advanced civilisations from another part of the Universe is that every time ‘intelligent’ life evolves it annihilates itself with “war, disease and weapons of mass destruction”, he said.

The myth that humans can mass-colonise another planet News24

And in addition to the chance that we will meet this fate, Professor Hawking said the planet had become too small for our burgeoning population with its “physical resources … being drained at an alarming rate”. Climate change, an asteroid strike or some other kind of cataclysmic cosmic event also pose significant threats.

The proposed spacecraft, called a Star Chip, would be just a few centimetres in size with a lightsail weighing a few grams. It would be powered by an array of lasers based on Earth that would drive the tiny probe “on a beam of light” at about 100 million miles an hour, a fifth of light speed.

Credit: duluthnewstribune

“Such a system could reach Mars in less than an hour, reach Pluto in days, pass Voyager [the space probe launched in 1977] in under a week, and reach Alpha Centauri in just over 20 years,” Professor Hawking said.

“Once there, the nano craft could image any planets discovered in the system, test for magnetic fields and organic molecules, and send the data back to Earth in another laser beam. 

“This tiny signal would be received by the same array of dishes that were used to transit the launch beam, and return is estimated to take about four light years.

“Importantly, the Star Chips’ trajectories may include a fly-by of Proxima b, the Earth-sized planet that is in the habitable zone of … Alpha Centauri.”

And he admitted: “Of course, this would not be human interstellar travel, even if it could be scaled up to a crewed vessel. It would be unable to stop. 

“But it would be the moment when human culture goes interstellar, when we finally reach out into the galaxy. And if Breakthrough Star Shot should send back images of a habitable planet orbiting our closest neighbour, it could be of immense importance to the future of humanity.”

Because it is travelling so fast any pictures taken by a camera on the Space Chip would be “slightly distorted” due to the effects of special relativity, as first described by Albert Einstein. This would be the first time anything has travelled fast enough to see such effects.

Breakthrough Starshot Optics & Photonics News

And extolling the virtues of the human attribution – “out most powerful attribute” – he said: “With this, we can roam anywhere in space and time. And I do. 

“We can witness nature’s most exotic phenomena while in a car, snoozing in bed, or pretending to listen to someone boring at a party. And I do.”

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Independent . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Astronomers have discovered a new planet named LHS 1140b with the greatest chances of sustaining life. '' It's the most exciting planet ''

This artist's impression shows the exoplanet LHS 1140b, which orbits a red dwarf star 40 light-years from Earth and may be the new holder of the title 'best place to look for signs of life beyond the Solar System'. Using ESO's HARPS instrument at La Silla, and other telescopes around the world, an international team of astronomers discovered this super-Earth orbiting in the habitable zone around the faint star LHS 1140. This world is a little larger and much more massive than the Earth and has likely retained most of its atmosphere. Credit: ESO/spaceengine.org

An exoplanet orbiting a red dwarf star 40 light-years from Earth may be the new holder of the title 'best place to look for signs of life beyond the solar system.' Using ESO's HARPS instrument, and other telescopes, astronomers discovered a 'super-Earth' orbiting in the habitable zone around the star LHS 1140. This world is larger and more massive than the Earth and has likely retained most of its atmosphere. This makes it one of the most exciting targets for atmospheric studies.

The newly discovered super-Earth LHS 1140b orbits in the habitable zone around a faint red dwarf star named LHS 1140, in the constellation of Cetus (The Sea Monster). Red dwarfs are much smaller and cooler than the Sun and, although LHS 1140b is ten times closer to its star than the Earth is to the Sun, it only receives about half as much sunlight from its star as the Earth and lies in the middle of the habitable zone. The orbit is seen almost edge-on from Earth and as the exoplanet passes in front of the star once per orbit it blocks a little of its light every 25 days.

"This is the most exciting exoplanet I've seen in the past decade," said lead author Jason Dittmann of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (Cambridge, USA). "We could hardly hope for a better target to perform one of the biggest quests in science -- searching for evidence of life beyond Earth."

"The present conditions of the red dwarf are particularly favourable -- LHS 1140 spins more slowly and emits less high-energy radiation than other similar low-mass stars," explains team member Nicola Astudillo-Defru from Geneva Observatory, Switzerland.

For life as we know it to exist, a planet must have liquid surface water and retain an atmosphere. When red dwarf stars are young, they are known to emit radiation that can be damaging for the atmospheres of the planets that orbit them. In this case, the planet's large size means that a magma ocean could have existed on its surface for millions of years. This seething ocean of lava could feed steam into the atmosphere long after the star has calmed to its current, steady glow, replenishing the planet with water.

The discovery was initially made with the MEarth facility, which detected the first telltale, characteristic dips in light as the exoplanet passed in front of the star. ESO's HARPS instrument, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, then made crucial follow-up observations which confirmed the presence of the super-Earth. HARPS also helped pin down the orbital period and allowed the exoplanet's mass and density to be deduced .

The astronomers estimate the age of the planet to be at least five billion years. They also deduced that it has a diameter 1.4 times larger than the Earth -- almost 18,000 kilometres. But with a mass around seven times greater than the Earth, and hence a much higher density, it implies that the exoplanet is probably made of rock with a dense iron core.

This super-Earth may be the best candidate yet for future observations to study and characterise its atmosphere, if one exists. Two of the European members of the team, Xavier Delfosse and Xavier Bonfils both at the CNRS and IPAG in Grenoble, France, conclude: "The LHS 1140 system might prove to be an even more important target for the future characterisation of planets in the habitable zone than Proxima b or TRAPPIST-1. This has been a remarkable year for exoplanet discoveries!" [4,5].

In particular, observations coming up soon with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope will be able to assess exactly how much high-energy radiation is showered upon LHS 1140b, so that its capacity to support life can be further constrained.

Further into the future -- when new telescopes like ESO's Extremely Large Telescope are operating -- it is likely that we will be able to make detailed observations of the atmospheres of exoplanets, and LHS 1140b is an exceptional candidate for such studies.

Notes

[1] The habitable zone is defined by the range of orbits around a star, for which a planet possesses the appropriate temperature needed for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface.

[2] Although the planet is located in the zone in which life as we know it could potentially exist, it probably did not enter this region until approximately forty million years after the formation of the red dwarf star. During this phase, the exoplanet would have been subjected to the active and volatile past of its host star. A young red dwarf can easily strip away the water from the atmosphere of a planet forming within its vicinity, leading to a runaway similar to that on Venus.

[3] This effort enabled other transit events to be detected by MEarth so that the astronomers could nail down the detection of the exoplanet once and for all.

[4] The planet around Proxima Centauri is much closer to Earth, but it probably does not transit its star, making it very difficult to determine whether it holds an atmosphere.

[5] Unlike the TRAPPIST-1 system, no other exoplanets around LHS 1140 have been found. Multi-planet systems are thought to be common around red dwarfs, so it is possible that additional exoplanets have gone undetected so far because they are too small.

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Sciencedaily . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

It was discovered a huge reservoir of melted carbon deep beneath Earth's surface in the Western United States

Linda M. Foster/Shutterstock.com

Scientists have used the world's largest array of seismic sensors to map what lies deep beneath Earth's surface, and have discovered an unidentified reservoir of melting carbon under the United States, covering an area of 1.8 million square km (695,000 square miles).

The find, which is located roughly 350 km (217 miles) beneath the Western US, challenges what researchers have assumed about how much carbon is trapped inside the planet. Turns out, there's far more than anyone had predicted.

The reservoir is far too deep for the researchers to physically get to, but a team from the University of Royal Holloway London used a vast network of 583 seismic sensors that pick up on strange vibrations generated in Earth's upper mantle to identify it.

The upper mantle is the layer that sits directly under our planet's crust, and extends to a depth of about 410 km (250 miles). 

Within this layer, temperatures can span from 500 to 900°C (932 to 1,652°F) near the crust, and can reach a hellish 4,000°C (7,230°F) in the lower mantle closer to the central core.

That ridiculous heat is constantly melting carbonates - a large group of minerals such as magnesite and calcite that all contain a specific carbonate ion - and this molten carbon is thought to be responsible for the conductivity of the mantle.

The melting process also produces a unique signature of seismic patterns, which can be read by sensors on the surface by converting ground motion into an electronic signal. 

Based on what these sensors have told us, researchers now suspect that Earth's upper mantle could contain up to 100 trillion metric tonnes of melted carbon - far more than expected.

The team now thinks that the massive carbon reservoir they've identified could have formed when one of the tectonic plates that make up the Pacific Ocean was forced under the western part of the US, and has provided more fuel for the upper mantle fire.

"It would be impossible for us to drill far enough down to physically 'see' Earth's mantle, so using this massive group of sensors we have to paint a picture of it using mathematical equations to interpret what is beneath us," says one of the team, Sash Hier-Majumder.

"Under the western US is a huge underground partially-molten reservoir of liquid carbonate. It is a result of one of the tectonic plates of the Pacific Ocean forced underneath the western US, undergoing partial melting, thanks to gasses like CO2 and H2O contained in the minerals dissolved in it."

While none of that will affect us much today - it's 350 km deep, after all - one day, it will, and in the most dramatic fashion.

As Hier-Majumder explains, it's expected that the contents of the melted carbon reservoir will slowly make their way up to the surface via volcanic eruptions. 

These eruptions are how carbon from inside our planet makes its way into the atmosphere - something that wouldn't usually be a problem, if we weren't already emitting roughly 40 billion tonnes of the stuff every year.

"We might not think of the deep structure of Earth as linked to climate change above us, but this discovery not only has implications for subterranean mapping, but also for our future atmosphere," says Hier-Majumder. 

"Releasing only 1 percent of this CO2 into the atmosphere will be the equivalent of burning 2.3 trillion barrels of oil. The existence of such deep reservoirs show how important is the role of deep Earth in the global carbon cycle."

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Sciencealert . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.