Accelerated interstellar spacecraft based on magnetic levitation on moon

NASA says Maxar will build first big piece for Gateway in lunar GeekWire

I have noticed that things are moving in this direction which is becoming somewhat secretive like many other major scientific discoveries. We must consider the advice of the most enlightened mind in the last decade of science, and that can only be Stephen Hawking, who said to hasten the colonization of other planets because a catastrophe can destroy the earth at any time. Stephen didn't even think that a virus could be the cause you can read below and let's get back to the main topic

• Stephen Hawking's new ship could reach the "second Earth" in the next 20 years

A spacecraft launched from a massive Magnetic Levitation Accelerator located on the moon could reach relatively high relativistic speeds at this stage, which no other means of propulsion can do practically and start from the great Hawking project and many other space science projects we can succeed.

 Magnetic Levitation Accelerator model

4 Coil Ring Accelerator Digital Magnetic Levitation Cyclotron High-tech Physics Model Diy Kit Kids Toys Gift

If such a ship without a human crew had a compact nuclear fusion reactor, say in a few decades, then humanity could have spacecraft that could reach Alpha Centauri and a few other nearby star systems with planets like Proxima b one of the nearest planets the closest planet outside the Solar System, "A telluric exoplanet, which is in the habitable zone of the star Proxima Centauri.in just a few years. decades".

The two bright stars are (left) Alpha Centauri and (right) Beta Centauri, both binaries. The faint red star in the center of the red circle, at right angles to both and south-east of Alpha is Proxima Centauri, intensely red, smaller in size, weaker in brightness and a distant third element in a triple star system with the main close pair forming Alpha Centauri. Taken with Canon 85mm f/1.8 lens with 11 frames stacked, each frame exposed 30 seconds. image wikipedia

People could withstand huge accelerations using liquid and gel capsules for compensation or even a rotating sector of the ship that by centrifugal force would compensate for the ship's acceleration. Such a hybrid ship would also have a magnetic parachute that would activate when meeting the Alpha Centauri heliopause.

Voyager - NASA

I don't know, but let's look at some numbers ... speed of light: 300,000 (3 hundred thousand) km/second!!! alpha Centauri: 4.3 light-years ... if 10% of the speed of light could be obtained, ie 30 thousand km / s, then the journey would take 43 years ... ok ... the fastest thing launched by man, voyager 1, travels at 17.26 km / s ... so we should, in exact numbers, get from 17.26 to 29979 km / s, that is 1736 times faster than mankind has managed so far, to reach +4 decades! You have low gravity per month, but how much are the acceleration increase and the braking problem?

Energies Free Full-Text A Study on a Linear Magnetic-Geared

The system would be feasible for launching anything into orbit without any rocket systems. The moon has an orbital speed of 1022m / s so very low, with a rifle you can shoot a bullet at a higher speed. It would have the advantage that it does not require rocket fuel or expensive rocket engines and you can launch large loads. To reach 1100m / s with an acceleration of 1g, 60km is enough.

Since even people can bear 2-3 G FORCE without big problems, a perfectly achievable 30 and 20 km launch ramp would be enough but of course, ramps or even hundreds of km can be built to reach the desired speeds, regardless of costs considering that it is about the survival of the human species that is self-destructing since 1900. Future galactic colonization ships are the launchpad to Mars and many other planets and solar systems like Alpha Centauri. You can't leave the earth with a ship big enough to carry everything you need, but you can get off the moon.

• Homo galacticus colonization and how human body will be affected

United Arab Emirates Has a Plan to Colonize Mars Universe Today

You can make it from pieces that connect like this international station that was also made of pieces launched one by one, only that from the moon you can launch much larger pieces. Until we have a monthly station, I don't think we'll reach Mars with a human crew at least not very soon.

The centrifugal force would be very high at the speeds required only for launching into orbit and it would be extremely difficult to make this ring. It would not have special advantages over a linear accelerator that is much easier to achieve technically.


It cannot move in a circle, the centrifugal force becomes excessive. Even at a modest, strong, and enormous speed. Let's take a ring with a radius of 10km and an object that goes with 1km / sec so the monthly orbital speed which is very low compared to the cosmic speeds. The centrifugal force will be equal to 100x the mass of the object. And the objects inside the supposed ship will suffer the same force, it's as if they are exposed to 100g so you can't have passengers in the ship even at this modest speed because people can't tolerate more than 5-6g and that for a long time. Besides, the ring should be very strong to withstand such forces.

 Magnetic levitation should withstand this force so it should in turn be very high totally unlikely to be achieved practically. There are fantasies that some launch but they don't think (and they haven't been to school either). To have the only 5g on a 10km ring, the speed range would be only 223m / s. To reach the launch speed on the moon with only 5g centrifugal force would require a ring with a radius of 200km. It is much easier to make a linear accelerator.

All these physio-fusion-nuclear (see, you can do in 3 words.. we have a weak point. We do not know how to produce energy other than through thermal energy with thermal machines that require a hot and a cold source. The hot source is the fissile material but the cold source in space does not exist, the energy can be dissipated only by radiation which is very inefficient compared to cooling by conduction to another substance (air/water). This drastically limits us to the power we can get from a space reactor. At least until we find another way to produce electricity to power various other motors we can not hope for too much power in space.

Stephen Hawking's new ship could reach the "Second Earth" in the next 20 years

Stephen Hawking says humanity must find a new home Max Alexander/Starmus

The renowned physicist Stephen Hawking is working on a spacecraft that can travel at a fifth of the speed of light – meaning it could reach the nearest star and send back images of a suspected ‘Second Earth’ within 25 years – in a bid to save humanity.

The Space Telescope That Could Find a Second Earth Space Air & Space Magazine

In a speech at the Starmus Festival, Professor Hawking warned humans must soon colonise another planet if we are to survive.

One explanation for why Earth has not been contacted by an advanced civilisations from another part of the Universe is that every time ‘intelligent’ life evolves it annihilates itself with “war, disease and weapons of mass destruction”, he said.

The myth that humans can mass-colonise another planet News24

And in addition to the chance that we will meet this fate, Professor Hawking said the planet had become too small for our burgeoning population with its “physical resources … being drained at an alarming rate”. Climate change, an asteroid strike or some other kind of cataclysmic cosmic event also pose significant threats.

The proposed spacecraft, called a Star Chip, would be just a few centimetres in size with a lightsail weighing a few grams. It would be powered by an array of lasers based on Earth that would drive the tiny probe “on a beam of light” at about 100 million miles an hour, a fifth of light speed.

Credit: duluthnewstribune

“Such a system could reach Mars in less than an hour, reach Pluto in days, pass Voyager [the space probe launched in 1977] in under a week, and reach Alpha Centauri in just over 20 years,” Professor Hawking said.

“Once there, the nano craft could image any planets discovered in the system, test for magnetic fields and organic molecules, and send the data back to Earth in another laser beam. 

“This tiny signal would be received by the same array of dishes that were used to transit the launch beam, and return is estimated to take about four light years.

“Importantly, the Star Chips’ trajectories may include a fly-by of Proxima b, the Earth-sized planet that is in the habitable zone of … Alpha Centauri.”

And he admitted: “Of course, this would not be human interstellar travel, even if it could be scaled up to a crewed vessel. It would be unable to stop. 

“But it would be the moment when human culture goes interstellar, when we finally reach out into the galaxy. And if Breakthrough Star Shot should send back images of a habitable planet orbiting our closest neighbour, it could be of immense importance to the future of humanity.”

Because it is travelling so fast any pictures taken by a camera on the Space Chip would be “slightly distorted” due to the effects of special relativity, as first described by Albert Einstein. This would be the first time anything has travelled fast enough to see such effects.

Breakthrough Starshot Optics & Photonics News

And extolling the virtues of the human attribution – “out most powerful attribute” – he said: “With this, we can roam anywhere in space and time. And I do. 

“We can witness nature’s most exotic phenomena while in a car, snoozing in bed, or pretending to listen to someone boring at a party. And I do.”

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Story source: 

 

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Independent . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Private Moon Landing Set for 2021-2022

Updated 02/05/2020

NASA wants private moon landers from 3 companies. Here's how they'll work. SpaceX, Dynetics and a Blue Origin-led team have different ideas for the moon.

The moon landers that three commercial teams are developing to ferry astronauts to and from the lunar surface for NASA are a diverse bunch.

NASA has selected a Blue Origin-led team, Dynetics and SpaceX's Starship to develop new moon landers for astronauts for the agency's Artemis lunar program. (Image: © NASA)

On Thursday (April 30), NASA announced that it had awarded contracts to three commercial teams, each of which will develop a human landing system for use by the space agency's Artemis program. Artemis aims to put two astronauts down near the moon's south pole in 2024 and establish a sustainable presence on and around Earth's natural satellite by the late 2020s.

SpaceX, Dynetics and a team led by Blue Origin will split a total pot of $967 million, which will fund 10 months of development work. NASA will then tab one or more of these teams to mature their systems. In the end, the space agency will procure crewed lunar transportation services from the options that are left on the table. source space

NASA is Aboard First Private Moon Landing Attempt – NASA Solar

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The first private moon landing could be just two years away. 

California-based company Moon Express, which aims to fly commercial missions to the moon and help unlock its resources, has signed a five-launch deal with Rocket Lab, with the first two robotic liftoffs scheduled to take place in 2019.

These uncrewed launches — three of which are firmly on the books, with the other two optional at the moment — will blast Moon Express' MX-1 lander into space aboard Rocket Lab's 52.5-foot-tall (16 meters) Electron rocket. The goal is to test out the MX-1 and its systems, making sure the spacecraft can land softly on the moon, move about the lunar surface, grab samples and return them to Earth.

"The holy grail of our company is to provide, to prove, a full-services capability — not just landing, but coming back from the moon," said Moon Express co-founder and CEO Bob Richards, who announced the new launch deal today  at the Space Technology & Investment Summit in San Francisco.  

If the MX-1 nails its landing on the first mission, "we're going to be inspired to try a sample-return," Richards told Space.com. "I don't know if we'll do that on the second mission, but I sure hope we're trying it by the third mission, if all is going that well."

The two optional launches provide some insurance for Moon Express in case the first three flights don't go entirely according to plan, Richards said.

The contract puts Moon Express in position to possibly win the Google Lunar X Prize, a $30 million competition to land a privately funded robotic spacecraft on the moon by the end of 2019. The first team to do this — and have the craft move 1,640 feet (500 m) and beam high-definition video and images back to Earth as well — will win the $20 million grand prize. (The second team to accomplish these goals gets $5 million; another $5 million is available for meeting certain other milestones.)

Sixteen teams remain in the running for the Google Lunar X Prize, so the outcome remains very much up in the air. For example, one team, Astrobotic, signed a contract in 2011 to launch its lunar lander aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Astrobotic representatives have said they plan to launch in 2016.

The 3.9-foot-wide (1.2 m) Electron rocket is designed to deliver a 330-lb. (150 kilograms) payload to a sun-synchronous orbit 310 miles (500 kilometers) above Earth, according to Rocket Lab's website. The two-stage rocket is not operational yet; commercial launches are scheduled to begin in 2016, say representatives of the company, which is headquartered in California but has a New Zealand subsidiary. (Moon Express will have the option of launching from Rocket Lab's range in New Zealand or from a site in the United States.)


"Rocket Lab is pleased to begin working with Moon Express to launch its spacecraft and to provide support to such an ambitious mission," Rocket Lab CEO Peter Beck said in a statement. "Moon Express has used advanced orbital mechanics to enable this mission from low-Earth orbit."

Electron is quite an affordable option as far as orbital launches are concerned, with each liftoff costing just $4.9 million. Falcon 9 launches, for example, cost about $60 million each.

"We think the collapse of the price to get to the moon is going to enable a whole new market — kind of like the 4-minute-mile of space," Richards said.

The MX-1 landers that blast off atop an Electron will be relatively small, constrained by the rocket's size.. But the MX-1 is scalable, Richards said, and can be modified as needed to help the company achieve its ambitious goal of opening up the moon and its resources to commercial use.

"As the market responds, we will be able to provide the platforms to support the market," Richards said. "We're starting small; we're starting with the baby steps."

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Source: space.com

Finally Solar Probe Plus (2018) will begin the Journey Into The Sun

Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 

After 60 years of dreaming of a close-up solar mission, it's quickly approaching time for NASA to realize that goal. Last week, the agency announced that the Solar Probe Plus mission has moved into "advanced development" ahead of a launch in 2018. It's being built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL).

RELATED: Magnetic 'Braids' May Cook the Sun

Solar Probe Plus has an exciting few years ahead of it following the launch, including no less than seven (!) Venus flybys and a daring plunge into the corona, or the outer atmosphere of the sun. Here are some of the science details for you to brush up on:

Key elements of the solar probe plus mission of NASA

1. Staring down the Sun

Where does the sun's energy flow? How is the outer atmosphere heated? These are some of the main questions that NASA's Solar Probe Plus will answer. The microphone drp will happen when the probe gets the chance to fly through the solar corona, something scientists have wanted to do for 60 years but couldn't until the technology caught up. "Solar Probe Plus is a true mission of exploration; for example, the spacecraft will go close enough to the Sun to watch the solar wind speed from subsonic to supersonic, and it will fly ghrough the birthplace of the highest-energy solar particles," JHUAPL wrote on the mission website. "Still, as with any great mission of discovery, Solar Probe Plus is likely to generate more questions than it answers."

2. Seven lucky Venus flybys

It's very common for spacecraft to use gravity assists to reduce their fuel requirements (which saves on launch weight and therefore money). But the tradeoff for Solar Probe Plus will be time as it flies seven times by the planet Venus between 2018 and 2024. It's only after the seventh flyby that Solar Probe Plus will be close enough to the sun to do all of the science that researchers desire. That said, the spacecraft will not be idle during this time. You can bet it will be looking at the star from afar, and that when it flies by Venus at least some science instruments will be turned on to look at the planet. It's like a bonus Venus mission.

3. Braving the sun's fury

Solar Probe Plus will need to withstand a lot of heat when it gets up close to the sun. It's closest approach is expected at 3.7 million miles (5.9 million kilometers), about seven times closer than Mercury ever gets to the sun. This also handily beats the record set by the Helios 2 spacecraft, which really just grazed the inside of Mercury's orbit. It passed about 27 million miles (44 million kilometers) from the sun in Apirl 1976. From both close up and afar, it will look at the solar wind (the stream of particles from the sun). energy transfer through the sun , and something called "dusty plasma" — superheated gas with suspended particles in it — near the sun.

4. Magnetic Madness

The sun has a lot of mysteries surrounding its magnetic field. The main one is why the sun reverses olarity every 11 years in a cycle which sees it go from a weakling with pracically no sunspots, to a monster spewing solar flares, and back to a weakling again before switching polariteis once more. 

A bit part of the Solar Probe Plus mission is to probe the magnetic field and other parts of the sun to make better prediction sabout when the next flare will head towrads Earth. Big-enough solar flares can cause damage to satellites and even power lines. This image from the Solar Dynamics Observatory shows just how complicated the magnetic field is. "The complex overlay of lines can teach scientists about the wyas the sun's magnetism changes in response to the constant movemetn on and inside the sun," NASA wrote in March. "Note how the magnetic fields are densest near the bright spots visible on the sun — which are magnetically strong active regions — and many of the field lines link one active region to another."

5. Building for the long haul

If you're going to get close to the sun for long periods of time, you have to make sure your spacecraft can take the heat. Solar Probe Plus will carry a huge shield that is eight fee in diameter and 4.5 inches thick, made up of carbon-carbon carbon foam. Its solar arrays, JHUAPL said, will move around to make sure that the panels maintain the proper heat and power, retracting and extending as required. 

Some "heat-resistant technologies," JHUAPL added, came from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, a Mercury probe that flew by the planet three times before settling into an orbital mission that ran between 2011 and 2015. For example, the solar shield on Solar Probe Plus is similar toe designs of MESSENGER's sunshade.

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by NASA . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.