A famous physicist demonstrated that the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to the wrong person

2015 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded for the discovery of  (neutrino oscillations) through which it is proved that neutrinos have mass. 

The report does not claim the prize holders deserved or not that research was flawed, the physicist argues that the way the commission interpreted discovery is wrong. The award was given for research into neutrinos, particles (phantom) which appear from nuclear interaction as well as the center of the sun.

Japanese Physicist Wins 2015 Nobel Prize For Neutrino Research

They are described as (ghost particles) because rarely interact with matter. The only way that scientists can detect the presence of neutrinos is through their interaction with subatomic weak forces and gravity, using Super-Kamiokande detector and the detector particles from Japan or Neutrino Sudbury Observatory (SNO) in Canada.

SNO detector installed underground, before cabling the photomultiplier tubes. (Courtesy of SNO) photo: wikipedia

Experts have discovered that there are three types of neutrinos - electronic, muon and taonic. A neutrino can become electronic or taonic, this process is called oscillation. Super-K detector that can detect muon neutrinos generated only by cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere, it revealed that the Earth is hit much more atmospheric neutrinos at the surface than in its interior. This phenomenon suggests that neutrinos oscillated while penetrated the atmosphere Super-K detector because he could not detect.



SNO detector team used in 2001 and 2002 for observation of the Sun neutrinos. One of their techniques can only detect electrons, neutrino and another method to detect all three types. The results showed that when the neutrino electron reached Earth, only 34% of them remained electrons neutrino, which means that over time changed their shape.

Nobel Committee for Physics interpreted these results as evidence that neutrinos can oscillate while traveling and finally they have mass.

Alexei Smirnov physicist from Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Germany stated in his work that the committee members have used the wrong word (oscillation). 

He believes the Japanese team successfully proved oscillation action, but the team that used the SNO detector proved what was happening to the neutrinos from the Sun, more subtle change.

Physicist Awarded Einstein Medal ICTP

photo: taringa.net

Smirnov believes that neutrinos from the Sun change its type, but not through oscillations as Nobel committee members have understood.


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• Yoshinori Ohsumi won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2016

Yoshinori Ohsumi won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2016

Winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is Japan's Yoshinori Ohsumi, autophagy mechanism for discovery. Errors in these genes can cause a range of diseases, and these findings help explain the causes of diseases like cancer or Parkinson's disease.

Yoshinori Ohsumi was awarded for cell biological analysis of how autophagy works - how cells repair themselves and detoxifies the body.

Yoshinori Ohsumi was born in 1945 in Fukuoka, Japan. Since 2009 is a professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, according to the Nobel Committee.

Aged 71 years, the Japanese professor Yoshinori Ohsumi began to investigate autophagy mechanism 26 years ago, the University of Tokyo. He used a bakery yeast to identify genes essential for autophagy mechanism. His experiments were deemed "brilliant" by the Nobel committee in Stockholm, which has award-winning months.

By Professor Yoshinori Ohsumi research was to understand how the body responds to infection or adapts to starvation. A number of mutations in genes studied it are found in various forms of cancer and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's. Autophagic mechanism first described by Professor Ohsumi, refers to the ability of cells to destroy their own content which then transports it some blistering form of bags up in a compartment recycling lysosomes, where they destroy material cell.

Autophagy is known for the past five decades, but its fundamental importance in physiology and medicine was recognized only with Yoshinori Ohsumi's research in the 1990s.

By autophagic processes including toxins and cleanses the body cells recycle damaged components. Cell membrane creates hunting remnants of dead cells, diseased or worn and the molecules used for energy or to restore other cells.

Disruption of autophagy process were related to Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetuld's, cancer and other disorders that occur with aging. Mutations in the genes can cause autophagic genetic diseases. Intensive research currently under way to develop drugs that trigger autophagy process in various diseases.

Autophagic word comes from two Greek words meaning "self-devouring".

Laureate announcement is made on the same day that, of all the nominees, he is elected by the institution awarding the prize, the Nobel Committees suggestion domain.

Last year, the Nobel Medicine Prize was won by William C. Campbell (Ireland) and Satoshi Omura (Japan) for discoveries concerning a new therapy against infections caused by roundworms, while Tu Youyou (China) was awarded for discoveries her on a new therapy against malaria.

Since 1901 were 210 winners, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by 106, except for the years: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941 and 1942. According to Foundation status Nobel prize it is not granted in any of the nominated works and is not considered likely to benefit humanity.

The youngest winner so far was Frederick G. Banting Canadian doctor considered along with American physiologist Charles Best, the discoverer of insulin and that was 32 years old when he received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1923.

The oldest laureate was Peyton Rous of which was 87 years old when I was awarded the prize for discoveries made in oncovirusurilor in 1996.

2015 Nobel season will continue on Tuesday, with the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Wednesday will be awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, and Thursday will be announced Nobel literature.

Nobel Peace Prize winner - awarded only by Norway, according to the desire of the founder of the prestigious awards, Alfred Nobel - will be announced Friday.

Nobel Prize for economics will be presented Monday, October 10th.

The laureate will receive a gold medal and a prize of 8 million Swedish kronor (about 850,000 euros).

Nobel laureates will receive their awards during a formal ceremony in Stockholm and Oslo on December 10, the day that commemorates the death of prize founder Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896.

Nobel Prizes are awarded since 1901, except for the economy, established in 1968 by the Swedish Central Bank to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the founding of this institution. The awards were created after the death of Alfred Nobel weld engineer (1833 - 1896), inventor of dynamite, in his will according to his will.

Name nominees and other information about them or about the selection process can not be made public for 50 years.

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Source: Descopera

Marie Curie - the most important women in science

Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the first scientist who won the award twice, in two different fields, physics and chemistry, was voted the leading woman scientist of all time.

Researcher of Polish origin who discovered the treatment of cancer with radiation, was passed at a rate of 25.4 percent, nearly double the second place, Rosalind Franklin, nationality English biophysicist who helped discover the structure of DNA.

The following places were occupied by astrophysicist Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Dr. Jane Goodall, primatologist who brought to the attention of the scientific world primates.

Marie Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), née Maria Salomea Skłodowska was a Polish physicist and chemist, working mainly in France,who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. She was also the first female professor at the University of Paris (La Sorbonne), and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in Paris' Panthéon.

She was born in Warsaw, in the Congress Kingdom of Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Floating University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared her 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that the Curies coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I, she established the first military field radiological centres.

While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie (she used both surnames)never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland.She named the first chemical element that she discovered – polonium, which she first isolated in 1898 – after her native country.

Curie died in 1934 at the sanatorium of Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by her years of exposure to radiation.

"The survey indicates the vital need to celebrate and draw attention to the many women researchers, who helped form what we now call modern science," said Dr. Roger Highfield, editor of The New Scientist.

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Source: The Telegraph