The European Space Agency has revealed a new image of a valley on the Red Planet which in future could be landing site ExoMars mission in 2020.
The area has photographed over 5309 square meters and is surrounded Mawrth Vallis valley where ancient water on the surface structured forms that can be observed today. The researchers believe that this valley would have existed 3.6 billion years ago life.
Mawrth Vallis valley has a length of 600 kilometers, its depth is almost one kilometer. A long time ago, huge quantities of water passing through the area. The valley is located between the southern and the northern hilly plains, according to ESA.
Structures with lighter tones of color are made of clay minerals, indicating the presence of liquid water. According to NASA, the remains of volcanic ash in the form of ancient microbes may protect black rocks of clay. To create this image, the researchers combined nine images taken by high resolution camera probe Express.
The ship orbited the red planet in 2003, Mawrth Vallis and the valley was an important point of interest. Earlier this month, it was revealed that Mars was covered by a network of lakes and rivers with a billion years earlier than scientists had thought, which implies that Mars could support life. ,, I discovered valleys that would transport the water to the basins of lakes, '' said Sharon Wilson, Institutlui of the Smithsonian, Washington.
Wilson and his team have helped these conclusions through evidence uncovered in northern plant, Arabia Terra region.
,, One of the lakes in the region can be compared in volume with Lake Tahoe in California, Nevada, '' said Wilson
Source: Descopera
Following a three-day conference that there were new theories about human mummy Otzi the ice. Researchers were able to learn both how he died, and the voice he had when Otzi lived.
After celebrating 25 years since the discovery of the Ötztal Alps iceman, researchers presented new findings about the mummy from 5,300 years ago.
With the latest generation of criminological methods, it was discovered how Otzi died. According to the analyzes, it was not thrown off a cliff to escape enemies. Otzi was resting when he was surprised by the attacker, who fired an arrow behind the Iceman.
,, In terms significant for science, is not just a mummy Otzi. He may be the European model of ancient times, and why he lived alone, '' said Albert Zink, director of the Institute for Mummies EURAC.
The conference was presented countless aspects about iceman, and that he died at the age of 45, had arthritis was lactose intolerant, and atroscleroză suffered from periodontal problems. Also, the man was infected with Helicobacter pylori, which causes diseases such as gastritis.
Inspector Alexander Horn, Department of Criminology in Munich, Germany, tried to solve the mystery murder Iceman. Horn began by examining the facts place at 19 September 1991 found near a glacier that melted. He reconstructed the crime scene using objects that were found in its vicinity. Horn said: ,, It does not try to escape, but he wanted to rest. The man seated next to him quiver and has enjoyed a good meal '.
According to Horn, the arrow was launched from a distance quite large, taking him by surprise on Otzi. At the crime scene was found a copper ax, Otzi was probably killed because the killer to steal items, Horn said.
Another group of scientists has managed to recreate the human voice ice
Through a CT scan, the researchers were able to measure the structure of the vocal cords, throat and mouth mummy. Researchers at Bolzano General Hospital in Italy were able to reconstruct how his voice sounds Otzi, while ruling voice in Italian.
,, We can not say that I rebuilt the original voice of Otzi because we lack crucial information about the mummy, '' said researcher Rolando Fustos.
Another researcher, Franco Avanzini, added:,, Of course, we do not know what language the man spoke 5,000 years ago, but we can recreate stamp with vowels pronounced it ''.
Based on information discovered, researchers have claimed that Otzi had a deep voice and you can hear in the video below.
Source: Science Alert
A study called "Achapter a day: Pair of reading books with longevity", conducted on a sample of over 3,500 people reveals that people who read books at least 30 minutes every day, live longer than those who do not read at all.
According to The Guardian, the study, published in the journal "Social Science & Medicine" analyzed patterns of reading 3,635 people, aged at least 50 years. On average, readers of books live nearly two years longer than people who do not read.
Respondents were divided into three categories: those who read 3.5 hours or more per week, those who read up to 3.5 hours per week and those who do not read, being considered factors such as sex, race and education .
Researchers have discovered over 12 years (the study), those who read the more chances of death were 23% lower, while those who read moderately lower by 17%.
Overall, throughout the study, 33% of those who died were reading, compared with 27% of readers, according to the researchers Avni Bavishi, Becca Levy and Martin Slade School of Public Health at Yale University.
"When readers are compared with non-readers in the mortality rate of 80%, non-readers have experienced 85 months (7.08 years), whereas experienced readers 108 months (9.00 years). Therefore, reading provided a survival advantage of 23 months, "write the researchers in the study. Bavishi said that prolonged consumption of literature has a higher yield, but "even 30 minutes a day are beneficial in terms of survival."
The paper also associate reading books rather than magazines, with longevity.
"We found that reading novels provides a greater benefit than reading newspapers or magazines. We realized that this effect is because a book involves more human mind, offering cognitive benefits, thus increasing life," he said Bavishi.
In the study, scientists have noted that there are two cognitive processes involved in reading, which creates a "survival advantage". First, reading promotes "slow process, captivating read deep" cognitive engagement "appears while the reader make connections with material things, finds applicability in the real world and ask questions about the content presented."
"The involvement may explain why cognitive vocabulary, raţionaamentul, concentration and critical thinking skills are improved by exposure to books," the researchers stressed.
Secondly, the books "promotes empathy, social perception, emotional intelligence - cognitive processes that lead to better survival."
Although respondents did not specify the kind of literature read, according to the study, most likely they read fiction. Academics suggest that analyzes future could check "if there are other benefits from reading outside of longevity, if any similar effects after reading eBooks or audio that could be read in a manner less sedentary and if different types of cards generates different effects. "
Experts have concluded that "the benefits of reading books - longevity, especially - is not only interesting characters and ideas found in novels, but more time to read."
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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by mediafax . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
