Pine Leaf was a Woman Chief and warrior of the Crow people. And she married four wives

Left photo - Assiniboin Boy, a Gros Ventre man, photo by Edward S. Curtis. Wikipedia/Public Domain, Right photo - Gros Ventre moving camp with travois. Wikipedia/Public Domain

A girl was born in 1806 to the Gros Ventres but in a wave of inter-tribal rage and revenge, she was kidnapped by a raiding party of Crows when she was only 10. A Crow warrior adopted her and raised as one of his people. She seemed quite rebellious toward “girl’s behaviour” and was keen to acquire skills which were traditionally perceived as male ones. Her foster father had already lost his sons in battles or illness and keenly encouraged the pursuits of his daughter – Pine Leaf. She was educated as she was a boy and assisted in gaining her skills in horse riding, marksmanship, and ability to field-dress a buffalo. However, she kept dressing as a girl.

Idealized illustration of “Pine Leaf,” possibly identified with Woman Chief, from James Beckwourth’s autobiography.

After the death of her father, she gained the leadership of his lodge. She got the respect as a warrior after she proved her skills in a riot with the Blackfoots. Pine Leaf was also the most reliable in defending her people whenever there was a need for it. She would answer to any fight in order to protect her people. Also, she formed a group of warriors with whom she reportedly attacked the Blackfoot and stole their horses.

Six Blackfeet chiefs painted by Paul Kane along the South Saskatchewan River in Canada ( c.1851-1856).

It was natural for her to be chosen as bacheeítche (Chief) in the Council of Chiefs and to represent her lodge. She was given the name Bíawacheeitchish, or “Woman Chief.” Later, she would become third among the Council’s 160 lodges. From all data about her, it is hard to say if she married four wives because she was attracted to them or for the benefits of their dowry to increase her wealth.

She made peace with the Gros Ventres party but after a few years, some of their people killed her.


She met with a number of Western explorers including Edwin Denig and Rudolph Kurz, and they were enchanted by her. All stories written about Pine Leaf praise her bravery, cleverness, and skills.

Crow Indians, c. 1878–1883.

Most of the information the world has about her come from James Beckwourth who wrote about Pine Leaf – the Crow warrior. In his writings, he seems fascinated by her, which leaves the reader with the question if he used his fascination lead him to an imagination about the things he wrote. Beckwourth claimed that he met Pine Leaf while living with the Crow in the 1820s.

Left photo – James P. Beckwourth, circa 1860, in Denver, Kansas Territory.  Right photo – Beckwourth as an Indian warrior, 1856.

He also claimed to have had a romantic relationship with Pine Leaf, which is also not a very reliable fact.

There are a few other woman-warriors beside Pine Leaf, all from the Crow Nation. Two such are Akkeekaahuush and Biliíche Héeleelash who was a prominent war leader.

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Prehistoric humans dismembered and ate the bodies of children

photo: dailymail.co.uk

A recent study conducted on the basis of paleontological discoveries in Spain, sketches a picture "horrror" morals 800,000 years ago: analysis of bones found in a cave suggest that prehistoric oamanii eating dismembered bodies of children, including brain consuming.

Gran Dolina cave in Spain, contains a large number of fossil skeletal remains - animal and human - recently unearthed and studied by scientists from the Research Center for Human Evolution in Burgos.

Among the bones of bison, deer, mouflon and other animals, researchers have found the remains of at least 11 children and adolescents.

Bones gate signs of cuts made with primitive stone tools; There are also indications that some bones were broken to extract the marrow.

Ribs on the base of the skull bones of the victims had been decapitated indicate that; in view of paleontologists, this action was made to extract the brain, which was he part of the "menu".

The dating of the remains shows that this practice has been present for approx. 100,000 years, meaning that it was not limited to periods when food was scarce, but - believe scientists - was current in everyday life.

Human bones were found mixed with the animal, which was interpreted as evidence that it was not about ritual sacrifice with religious meaning.

The researchers hypothesized that this cannibalism was linked to conflicts between tribes; victims were mostly children, because they were much less able to defend themselves than adults.


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According to the Smithsonian, The Korowai tribe of West Papua and also other Tribes Still Practice Cannibalism Today

(Image: by Bonhams; depiction of a cannibal feast)

Cannibalism holds a deeply unsettling place in our society, surfacing throughout the myths and folk tales of many cultures around the world and often linked to the ancient tribal rituals of Melanesia and other remote island regions. Perhaps most dark of all, cannibals have been reported feasting on the flesh of their victims in modern times, an ultimate taboo.

We also hear the chilling stories of the Donner Party, stranded in the snowy mountains, the crew of the Mignonette, lost at sea with no hope, and the lost polar expedition of Sir John Franklin. We hear dubious accounts about the heir to the Jameson Whiskey dynasty, about ancient tribes of headhunting cannibals that cooked and ate those that were foolish – or unfortunate – enough to intrude on their lands.

But does ritual cannibalism really occur today? According to the Smithsonian, it may do. In 2006 a reporter spent time with a tribe that had historically engaged in cannibalism in a bid to ward off evil, and suggested that the practice may continue in more remote regions.

(Image: Elias Levy; islands off the coast of Indonesian New Guinea)

The Korowai tribe of West Papua, according to the article, may be among the last people to consume the flesh of others. The isolated people, who inhabit the thick jungle territories of Southeastern Papua, view outsiders with extreme suspicion, sometimes referring to pale-skinned people as laleo, or “ghost-demons”. As a result, few outsiders have got close enough to develop an understanding of Korowai culture.


It’s estimated that around 4,000 Korowai remain throughout the region, where they live in traditional tree-houses and continue to embrace ancient beliefs – including that of the khakhua, a word ascribed to witches and other supernatural creatures that cause mysterious, inexplicable deaths – and must be killed and eaten to be stopped.

(Images: Wikipedia; Korowai tribesman and treehouse)

The area inhabited by the Korowai is understood to be around 100 miles from the place where Michael Rockefeller mysteriously disappeared in 1961. Perhaps not surprisingly there has been much speculation over the years over whether he was the victim of crocodiles, drowning or even cannibals, though no hard evidence is understood to exist linking him to such a fate.

According to local lore, a khakhua slowly consumes a person in the village, eating their insides as they sleep, and replacing those devouring innards with ash from the fireplace so that the victim won’t notice that anything’s amiss. Finally, the khakhua kills its victim, and takes their place. For the Korowai, such rituals aren’t cannibalism, for they don’t believe they’re killing and eating the flesh of humans. Instead, they’re killing and eating the khakhua, and stopping the creature from devouring more innocent victims.

Photo: wikipedia Korowai tribe

Tribesmen opened up to Smithsonian reporter Paul Raffaele, telling of one of the most recent occurrences of a khakhua coming to their village. It’s the story of a porter named Bunop, remembered as a cheerful man, but named as a khakhua by a dying man who claimed Bunop was eating him from the inside out.

(Image: Wikipedia; traditional Korowai treehouse in the jungles of West Papua)

As a result, Bunop was brutally killed, dismembered and eaten. Body parts were passed around the tribe and prepared for cooking in the same manner as a pig, placing palm leaves over the wrapped meat. His head, however, was retained by the family that killed him as a trophy – not taken from a human, they say, but from a khakhua.

For the Korowai, it’s viewed as a system of justice, a way of ridding their society of evil creatures that visit death on the innocent. Men and women partake in the practice (children don’t), and everything is eaten, except for the teeth, hair, bones, fingernails, toenails and penis. According to one celebrated khakhua killer, it’s the brains that taste the best. The bones are strung up around the camp, a warning to other khakhua.

Korowai people photo; pinterest

How prevalent the killing and eating of khakhua is today, is up for debate. Raffaele’s article mentions increasing tribal ambivalence and police intervention – in areas the police will venture into, that is – as reasons for the practice’s decline over the years.


Proximity of some Korowai groups to more ‘developed’ areas occupied by Dutch missionaries is also said to have contributed. But the evidence suggests that cannibalism may still take place in more remote communities that endure, isolated from the modern world, amid the dense, humid jungles of Indonesian New Guinea.

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Urbanghostsmedia . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Ten bizarre sexual rituals around the world.

In contemporary society, gender is not much a taboo, and virginity is not preserved until marriage. At least that happens in the modern world, but there are isolated communities and tribes bizarre sexual rituals today are hundreds of years old.

Ten of the most bizarre sex rituals around the world discover them below.

1. To prevent sex before marriage, members of several tribes in East Africa, cos young lips and leaves only a small opening for urine and they can remove blood during menstruation.

2. In Ghana, a tribe requires widows to cleanse the spirit by spending a night with a stranger.

3. In South Africa there is a polygamous society considers taboo sexual relations during the day. Its members avoid, however, have sex during storms, or having had a nightmare.

4. Northeastern Siberia there is a community that you can ask daughters to a special type of leather pants to protect their virginity until marriage.

5. A bizarre religious practice appeared in India, Babylon, Arabia, Africa and Greece since the 5th century BC Some women dedicated themselves gods and goddesses of fertility. These sex with priests or those who came to worship these deities. It happens even in temples.

6. In some communities it is customary Nepalese brothers marry the same wife, thus being forced to divide the land. The wife must have but a well thought and spend time with each of the brothers to avoid any outbursts of jealousy.

7. A tribe in Papua New Guinea used to leave their children to start their sexual life from a very early age. The girls started to have sex for 6-8 years, while the boys waited until 10-12 years. Although sex before marriage was not a problem before the tribe, however, was forbidden for young people to share a meal before they become husband and wife.

8. In a community of Mangaia, a small island in the South Pacific, the boys begin their sexual life of 13 years. They have sex with older women that teaches how to last longer during sex and how to please young.

9. A tribe in Cambodia built special shelters for girls when they become adolescents. Different guys spend their nights with them until they find the pair. Divorce is illegal.

10. In a community in Brazil, males compete among themselves to convince women to have sexual relations by giving them gifts and fish

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• According to the Smithsonian, The Korowai tribe of West Papua and also other Tribes Still Practice Cannibalism Today

The most mysterious eight tribes in the world

The smallest tribe in the world is composed of only five members - a man of 70 years and four women. Also, another tribe has only ten letters in the alphabet and the Yanomamo tribe members are people with the lowest blood pressure in the world.

1. Himba tribe

He lives in northern Namibia in the Kunene region and its population numbering between 20,000 and 50,000 people. The tribe was threatened with extinction in the 80s, when Namibia was haunted by war and drought.

They have their own language, called Otjihimba and particularity here is that women are forbidden completely wash. Besides, they are forbidden even to wash their hands, instead using the freshener herbs, which they boil in a pot and smoked with them, just as would give the fragrance throughout the body .

Also, women of this tribe are known by that covers his body with an ointment prepared from animal fats and dust hematite, which gives them a reddish skin, but protects them from the sun's heat, dry air and insects. Himba houses have conical shape and are made from palm leaves, clay and cow dung.

Mursi tribe 

He lives on the border between Ethiopia and Sudan and includes approximately 7,500 people. Its members are easily recognizable due to plaque mounted on the lower lip of women. Legend has it that this habit of lip cladding has emerged as a form of defense against slave traders, who used to steal women to sell them.

The preparatory process for mounting plate begins before the age of 10 when the girls are out and are lower incisors pierced lower lip from side to side with a peg. The opening is increased from year to year so that 15-16 years are huge plates inserted. The first is one of clay and before marriage is changed to one of clay.

As it concerns men, when one wants to marry he must, armed with sticks, to fight against an opponent. The winner is taken by a group of women who decide who they will marry.

3. Tribe Piranha

Its members number 300 and barely above living in the Amazonian forest, near Maisi River in Brazil. The peculiarity of these people is that they consider harmful and makes you sleep poorly, so that barely a half-hour nap on the night. Instead of hating "Good night" they say "Do not fall asleep, snakes." According to writer and missionary Daniel Everett, who lived 30 years among piraha language of this population contains only seven consonants and three vowels.

They do not know any numbers, so I do not know to count, limit themselves to two concepts: "few" and "many." Two, three or four means for them "some" and 10 or 12 people mean "many" . Members of this tribe do not understand why I have to eat every day and have no care for tomorrow and in fact, according to Everett, they do not know what "tomorrow" or "today" and have no notion regarding "past" or "future". Also Piraha tribe members do not understand the concepts of shame, guilt or resentment.

Tribe Akuntsu

It is the smallest tribe in the world and one of the most isolated tribes in the Brazilian state of Rondonia. Its population also include only five people. For the first time it was in contact with this tribe in 1995, when it was composed of seven members. Tribal chief, Kunibu Baba, has around 70 years, the woman is Pupak (around 40 years), and three women aged between 23 and 35 years old. The only child born after 1995, died in 2000 during a storm.

5.  Tribe Yanomamö

It spread to the Amazonian forest on the border between Brazil and Venezuela, and has approximately 20,000 membered, living in about 250 villages. The peculiarity is that each village members live under one roof, called "shabono". These "shabono" have an oval shape and sleep here together all members of the tribe, which, solidarity population.

Yanomami have a very low salt diet, and therefore is the population with the lowest blood pressure in the world. Another is that only men are allowed to consume alcoholic beverages and herbs with hallucinogenic effect, and that only the parties.

Another ritual is the endocanibalism, the bones consume deceased relatives. The purpose of this tradition is to resume the ties with ancestors. The body of the deceased is cremated and his ashes mixed with bone meal. In populations Yanomami in Venezuela there is guy gay or bisexual relationships and incest is strictly forbidden and is punishable by death.

6. Jarawa tribe

Living on the Andaman Islands, which belong to India and its population is estimated at 250-350 people. Anthropologists believe that members of this tribe are descendants of the first humans who left Africa. When a tribe member dies not bury him, but sat under a tree, and when he leaves only bones of men and bind them to the body, for good luck hunting.

The issues for this population occurred 15 years ago when he was "discovered" the disastrous contact with civilization. New diseases have befallen his younger when members began to leave the jungle so that people began to die from chickenpox and malaria. Also, people outside adopted vices, tobacco and alcohol.

7. Asmat tribe

Lives in a harsh environment on the south coast of West Papua. This group îndeletniceşte fisheries and sculpture. Asmat means homeless or forest. Its population is estimated at 70,000 souls. The tribe is famous for his art.

Following tradition, the tribes Asmat believe that death is not natural, being caused either curse or a gun wound. Therefore, any death of tribal ritual trigger a war in the past to punish neighboring clans.

8. Korowai tribe

Located in southeastern Papua and has approximately 3,000 members. They are considered to be among the last people in the world who practice nowadays even cannibalism. By 1974 the discovery of the tribe, its members had their homes in trees, but after 1980 they began to make their settlements on earth.

Korowai tribesmen are polygamous, but generally a man can not marry before reaching the age of 20 years, because it is impossible to buy a wife. Girls get married early, sometimes even 10 years.

Other articles on the same theme:

• According to the Smithsonian, The Korowai tribe of West Papua and also other Tribes Still Practice Cannibalism Today

• The genes of extinct species, unidentified, were found in Melanesian DNA, ( NATURAL BLACK BLONDES ) the population is located in the South Pacific

• Amazons of Dahomey - the most feared Women in History

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