Showing posts with label neurons. Show all posts
Showing posts with label neurons. Show all posts

Friday, September 30, 2016

Where the brain retains memories

For the first time in the history of research, scientists were able to identify what they think are the places where memories are formed and stored our. Briefly, neurons working with information about who we are and about the things you've done or I've lived in the past.

"Because we were able to highlight these places in laboratory mice brains, hopefully we can get to know more about how memories are formed in our brains," said the researchers behind this study

Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland

A team from the Institute of Neurobiology in France have made this discovery by using a fluorescent protein in neurons of four mice. This protein illuminate the cells containing calcium ions, in this case showing that the existence of the respective neuron functions.

Laboratory mice were tested so as they ran on a running wheel. During the "race" their neurons were lit, which means that in their minds already formed memories that helped them remember the distance traveled. When the animals were resting, light only appear in certain parts of the brain representing that there is stocaseră information that helped the rats to remember different parts of "race" covered.

"We managed to outline how memories are formed," explained Rosa Cossart, study leader.

Of course, the study was questioned by other researchers who claim that you can not know for sure if these neurons are indeed those responsible for storing memories. They argue that there is no reason why that experience for the running wheel mice on them to be stored in memory and divide into distinct cell blocks. However, these studies represent an interest for them, only to be taken further, detailed and analyzed in other ways.


Currently scientists clear a few aspects regarding how the storage of memories in the brain, such as that in the hippocampus there are cells that help the rats to remember the surrounding world, but they could not explain at this time how and why illuminate these neurons and that this process has traveled to the brain.









Source: Descopera

Saturday, August 13, 2016

IBM developed the first artificial artificial neurons brains






















Updated 08/05/2020

Made of conventional materials and readily miniaturized to nanometer scale for the future composition "artificial brains", created by IBM researchers neurons can be grouped into networks capable of transferring electrical signals in a manner similar biological brain.


Designing artificial brains can help us learn more about real ones The Conversation


The experiment conducted at a research center in Zurich included a network of artificial neurons 500, connect to simulate the interactions that normally occur in the brains of animals. But the real challenge was miniaturization artificial neurons on a microscopic scale without losing functionality and finding ways of getting to use only materials and processes well known.

According Go4It, while organic neurons use membranes acting as gateway to electrical signals, requiring a certain level of energy for activating version artificial suggested by IBM researchers replace this item with a barrier made of a mixture called GST (germanium-antimony -teluriu), already used as an ingredient in the production of optical discs. GST barrier function by phase change from the amorphous state (insulator) in the crystal (elctricitate conductor), and is started by heating that occurs at the application of electrical signals.


New technique follows single neurons from birth to brain circuit Spectrum 


Similar biological analogue, provided with artificial neurons are activated when the GST barrier electrical load exceeds a predetermined minimum level, then self-resets to its original state non-conductors of electricity. Crucial to duplicate the functionality of a real brain, artificial neurons were designed to have a certain level of unpredictability in the sense that no barriers GST never return to exactly the same configuration after activation. Thus, interactions between neurons can never be fully predictable, the same "thought" processed by the neural network leading to "conclusions" vary by state in which the brain is artificial and previously processed information.


Brain Connections: No Neuron Is An Island Live Science


With these neurons, IBM researchers hope to create computers capable of mimicking how efficient parallel processing in the brain of living organisms encountered. Once overcome this obstacle, a greater challenge would be to create a "software" proper functioning parallel with unpredictable results not just compatible with existing programming languages.


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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Go4it . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.