6 major disadvantages of human evolution and devolution of Man

Elements of process of human evolution Vector photo: freedesignfile.com

Thinking about natural selection, we tend to think that is progress, just how strong and healthy people survived and were assured continuity. But in reality, the process is more complicated than that. For this to happen, natural selection did sometimes compromise and thus, people have developed certain traits that are, in fact, a real challenge in our lives.

The Progress of Technology and Devolution of Man Ascension Presents - Ascension Press

Updated 09/05/2020

3. Births are complicated
Compared species of monkeys, the human species is experiencing a very complicated birth, due to the fact that people pelvis is narrow compared to the size of the head and shoulders babies.

 "The pelvis is responsible for two people's positions, moving 2 feet, and the possibility of birth," 

said Karen Rosenberg, a paleontologist at the University of Delaware. Pelvic shape is given by a compromise between the two. 

Why Is Human Childbirth So Painful? American Scientist

People came with an interesting cultural answer to explain this difference between apes and humans. While birth is one solitary mammals, women receive a significant assistance. 

Moreover, researchers have argued that natural selection favored seeking assistance during birth and, although the reason seems much easier to overcome fear and pain, had an important role in reducing mortality.


1. We have back pain
Emergence of bipedalism was a major development in the evolution of human bipedal position by allowing us to travel long distances to use our hands as we move, but, however, is a disadvantage.

Slipped Disc and KST Chiropractic Care Keiran Chiropractic

If chimps and other quadrupeds akin to the human species, the backbone functions as a suspension bridge. 

"If the structure is placed horizontally in vertical position, it loses stability," 

said Jeremy DeSilva, a paleontologist at Dartmouth College. 

The simplest way to make a perfect structural backbone into a creature with a right upright as stacking the vertebrae, but the method for birth canal locks. Thus, the backbone must be involved in the process of bending, which can pave the way for an easier birth. The price you are paying back pain and movement disorders such as disk and fractures.


2. Anatomy feet I inherited from monkeys
If you analyze the existing prosthetic legs today, their structure resembles an ostrich leg. Human anatomy is not tracked because it is a little strange. 

Primate Feet Evolutionary Comps Pinterest

Rethinking the evolution of the human foot Journal of Experimental Biology - The Company of Biologists

DeSilva added that we inherited many elements of the anatomy of apes and legs are the best example. When we began on two legs, I did not need the flexibility of legs they have monkeys to climb trees, but because we inherited anatomy of apes, our legs and could be turned quite often, we face sprains and dislocations.


4. Crave for junk food
Sugar is an important element of energy, and the excess is converted into fat to cope with stressful moments in which we need more energy. 

Here's how eating sugar affects your body and brain The Independent 

Before the development of industry and agriculture when food sources were scarce or unreliable, sugar was necessary to survive. But nowadays, the sugar found in very many products, people exaggerate regarding its consumption. Thus, the current population is facing obesity and an increased risk of diabetes and high blood pressure.

From Diabetes to Athlete's Foot, Our Bodies Are Maladapted Discover Magazine

"The food industry has been very successful because we have the anatomical aspects of the Stone Age people who needed sugar, but nowadays this is our health", says Daniel Lieberman, a biologist at Harvard University.


5. We are dealing with mental illness
Natural selection has not removed the risk of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression, although these conditions are associated with low birth rate. 

The Evolution of Depression Obsessive Compulsive Diary

Scientists have discovered that people with mental illness brothers who suffer from these diseases can result, however, children will have these problems. Other researchers have analyzed the origin of these diseases, concluding that they are closely linked to progress. 

13 common signs and symptoms of depression Medical News Today

For example, while some symptoms of depression can affect a person decisive, conditions that create an analytical style of thinking can be very productive in terms of solving problems.

6. The molars creates pain
When people began to be bipedal, there was a major transformation: our brain has increased. To accommodate the new dimensions of the brain, face shape changed and became more narrow jaws. For many, this meant that the three molars or wisdom teeth have not occurred for proper develop, so they were affected. 

Our Skulls Are Out-Evolving Us OneZero - Medium

If these teeth are not extracted, can be extremely painful and cause infections. However, natural selection is still in constant development, a genetic mutation that stops the emergence of wisdom teeth begin to form is becoming more widespread and more people no longer have three molars.

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Story source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Mentalfloss . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

The Markhor Goat and Babirusa strange pig called pig deer is best known for its spectacular tusks

Markhor goat (Foto: Shutterstock.com)

Sometimes life takes strange forms and most often we do not even hear it. Most often we fail to notice, to inform and to be careful with it and we see amazing creatures on Earth we live next to. In fact, even if I have time and resources, we still do not have the opportunity to meet with all known animal species. That is why we created this list of animals that not everyone knows and you do not have much chance to meet. 

Whether bizarre and behaviors that do not allow us to observe in freedom, whether they are endangered, each of the animals mentioned below have something unique and really fascinating.

(Foto: Shutterstock.com)

Truly a spectacular appearance is that of Markhor, a family member splendid wild goats.  Falconeri is an animal that is less accessible mountainous areas of Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

The Markhor Goat photo: dreamstime.com

According to reports published by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), the species is endangered. Now, it is speculated that in the wild there are only 2,500 mature individuals, but the population decreases from generation to generation by 20%.

Living in small groups of about 3 members, they are more active early morning or late evening. In general, males are solitary except for mating periods. Their appearance is downright impressive and stunning them with spiral horns and Longhair in the chin, chest and tail.


However, Markham is the national animal of Pakistan and folklore claims that he could kill and eat a snake, although it is a herbivore (which sometimes go up in trees in order to eat more leaves). Therefore, when he chewed and regurgitated food, removes his mouth as a foam substance that reaches the earth and dried. Locals looking for this foam reinforced the view that it can extract snake venom in wounds.

                    Babirusa

Babirusa (Foto: Shutterstock.com)

Suidae Babirusa family (which includes and pigs) and can be found in the forests of Indonesia, specifically the islands of Sulawesi, Togian, Sula and Buru. Called pig deer Babirusa is best known for its spectacular tusks. In males, the upper canines grow up penetrating the skin and curving back towards the forehead. And lower canines are quite developed and grow up. In contrast, among female canines missing or reduced in size.
If males do not break their teeth, which can be done during daytime, they will continue to grow until they will be hurt or will penetrate the skull.

Because Babirusa has rostral bone, he can not dig with the snout in the ground but only mud. Because Babirusa is an omnivorous diet includes leaves, nuts, fruits, roots and animal remains.
Generally, males are solitary, unlike females with their offspring can form groups of over 80 individuals.


In Indonesia, Babirusa his appearance inspired folklore and making masks that resemble demonic. Although hog deer is protected by law, poaching continues to threaten its existence.

Fossa

(Foto: Shutterstock.com)

Cryptoprocta ferox is a mammal endemic to Madagascar. In fact, Foss is the largest mammalian carnivore on the island. Males can reach a length of 70-80 cm and a weight of between 5.5 to 8.6 kg, being somewhat larger than females.

Over 50% of its diet consists of lemurs, primates endemic lizards, rodents or birds.

(Foto: Shutterstock.com)

Fossa is one of those animals that are active both day and night and not return to rest twice in the same place, except mother with cubs.

Although the species is considered solitary, a publication of the 2009 report an unusual event: a group of three males cooperated to hunt a lemur and after divided capture prey.

Fossele communicate using scent and sound or visual signals. They spin and produce cries when they feel threatened, and during mating (which usually takes place in trees) meow females and males emit a sound when they are specific partner.


Also, using the glands in the back, they mark their territory, stones and trees nearby. In addition, it was found that these animals communicate through body language and face, but scientists still conduct research in this area in order to unravel the mysteries behind this type of communication.

DNA from the human embryo has been modified by a Swedish researcher

Although human embryo gene alteration in a series of debates started last year, a Swedish researcher conducted intervention for the first time in history.

For the first time, Lanner Friedrike began to alter gene in healthy human embryo. Lanner hope to find new treatments for infertility and abortion using gene modification technology CRISPR-Cas9. It will turn off genes in the embryo to see what role each plays in early development.

Many people believe that modifying the gene will lead to the design of children by some parents' wishes. It also could lead to hereditary diseases us. Lanner said such basic research seeking to prevent situations of this kind.

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Source: Science Magazine

The relationship between animals and their offspring: Ten extraordinary images

Animal kingdom can often be a ruthless place, but the images below show that in some cases, the link between  parents is as close as that between people.

Scientists divide animals into two categories, depending on the way they grow chickens: R and K.

The R category generally have many children at once, and they mature quickly enough. Animals in category K, category in which they are enrolled, in fact, people born less , and they need more time to become adults. Therefore, the "fathers" of caregivers for a longer period of time. Below are ten such examples.

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Source: Wittyfeed.com

The most interesting 10 species of animals in 2016

An international committee of biologists chose the most interesting species described in 2016

The most interesting10 species described in 2016 were designated as "International Institute for Species Exploration" and a committee of biologists and naturalists, in a sort of "competition" designed to attract public attention to the problems of biodiversity conservation.

In a report entitled significantly "SOS. State of Observed Species" by specialists from the "International Institute for Species Exploration" in conjunction with those from the "International Plant Names Index", "Zoological Record" Thomson Reuters, "International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology "," AlgaeBase "" MycoBank "and" World Register of Marine Species "outlined in 2008, the latest year for which complete data in the field, have been described globally 18.225 in 2140 new species living species and fossils.

The winner ten species are:

• Danionella Dracula - a family over ciprinidae.
• Nephila Komaci - the largest of spiders "weavers", with a diameter of 10 cm.
• Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) turbiformis - a "killer sponge" carnivore.
• Swim bombiviridis - a marine worm.
• Aiteng ater - a mollusk. 
• Histiophryne psychedelia - a fish with unusual coloring.
• Drewesii Phallus - a woody fungus.
• Gymnotus omarorum - an electric fish.
• Nepenthes Attenboroughii - a carnivorous plant "twisted".
• Dioscorea orangeana - a new plant tuber.

1. Danionella Dracula - a family over ciprinidae

2. Nephila Komaci the largest of spiders "weavers", with a diameter of 10 cm.

3. Chondrocladia (Meliiderma) turbiformis - a "killer sponge" carnivore.

4. Swim bombiviridis - a marine worm.

5. Aiteng ater - a mollusk. 

6. Histiophryne psychedelia - a fish with unusual coloring.

7. Drewesii Phallus - a woody fungus.

8. Gymnotus omarorum - an electric fish.

9. Nepenthes Attenboroughii - a carnivorous plant "twisted".

10. Dioscorea orangeana - a new plant tuber

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The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Le Scienze  . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Is a skull, but whose? Beneath new annex school St Alcuin Montessori in north Dallas

While attending the excavations required the rise of a new annex school St Alcuin Montessori in north Dallas, USA, David Evans, an employee of an American company building, dug up last week, a skull mystery of soil that will be materialized project .

"We all know that belongs to a primate, just as we have no idea what kind is it," said Evans. The skull was found at a depth of 1.6 meters into the ground, measuring 15.24 inches in length and has a width of five centimeters. The bulk of its teeth, including canines every 2.54 cm long, they occur almost intact.

Dana Austin anthropologist from the Bureau of Medical Examination Tarrant, who analyzed the skull only from photographs, said that it certainly belongs to "an old world primates", possibly a monkey or a chimpanzee. Also Evans, who has consulted and other experts, believes that it could be the skull of a baboon. The dating was not done yet.



David Evans and colleagues also found near the skull and a small bone, apparently coming from the same animal, possibly as part of a femur or hip. The worker plans to sell the skull that will provide a good amount, but agree the possibility of keeping it as a natural curiosity.

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Source: NBC Chicago

How life emerged on Earth? The old theory is removed

The argument is the fact that, until now, knew too little information on how life on Earth is driven.

For several decades, the main hypothesis on the origins of life was linked to the formation ,, primordial soup ", an event which would have occurred during the first bodies as a result of a chemical reaction triggered within an area with warm water. Recent research however, indicate that life on Earth would have appeared in the depths of the oceans, in the so-called hydrothermal vents ,, ".

A study published in the journal Nature Microbiology suggests that the oldest common ancestor of all living beings is fed with hydrogen as a gas in a high temperature environment, such as hydrothermal vents. On the other hand, the primordial soup hypothesis ,, "says that life would appear when an energy source came into contact with water from the Earth's surface, creating simple molecules first. They were subsequently grouped into structures DNA, which in time led to the formation of the first living organisms.

Recent studies made on genes that most likely were present and there were first living cells on Earth have shown that organisms first appeared on our planet in the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. From within these structures, the alkaline fluids penetrate into the ocean water, producing the natural gaps proton concentrations in a manner similar to the activating all living cells.

The research conducted recently suggests that in the early stages of development of living organisms, chemical reactions in the cells of these variations were driven proton. Then, the cells were able to reproduce these individual differences out of the area of ​​activity of hydrothermal vents, colonizing the oceans and, eventually, the entire planet.

Hydrothermal vents are the only known natural structures that could constitute places of occurrence of the first organic molecules. Aeastă hypothesis was accepted on ,, detriment of primordial soup "because until now knew very little about the principles that govern how life is driven.



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Mysterious New Whale Species Discovered in Alaska

Scientists say a dead whale on a desolate beach and a skeleton hanging in a high school gym are a new species. Yet experts have never seen one alive.Like many good mysteries, this one started with a corpse, but the body in question was 24 feet (7.3 meters) long.

Beaked whale

The remains floated ashore in June of 2014, in the Pribilof Islands community of St. George, a tiny oasis of rock and grass in the middle of Alaska's Bering Sea. A young biology teacher spotted the carcass half-buried in sand on a desolate windswept beach. He alerted a former fur seal researcher who presumed, at first, that she knew what they'd found: a Baird's beaked whale, a large, gray, deep-diving creature that occasionally washes in dead with the tide.

But a closer examination later showed that the flesh was too dark, the dorsal fin too big and floppy. The animal was too short to be an adult, but its teeth were worn and yellowed with age.

It's just so exciting to think that in 2016 we're still discovering things in our world—even mammals that are more than 20 feet long.

Phil Morin | NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Beaked whale

It turns out, according to new research published Tuesday, that this was not a Baird's beaked whale at all, but an entirely new species—a smaller, odd-shaped black cetacean that Japanese fishermen have long called karasu, or raven.

"We don't know how many there are, where they're typically found, anything," says Phillip Morin, a molecular geneticist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Southwest Fisheries Science Center. "But we're going to start looking."

It’s rare to uncover a new species of whale. Advances in DNA research have helped scientists identify five new cetaceans in the past 15 years but two were dolphins and most were simple category splits between fairly similar species. This animal, in the genus Berardius, looks far different than its nearest relative and inhabits an area of the North Pacific where marine mammal research has been conducted for decades.

"It's a really big deal," says study co-author Paul Wade of NOAA's National Marine Mammal Laboratory. "If you think about it, on land, discovery of new species of large mammals is exceptionally rare. It just doesn't happen very often. It's quite remarkable."

Skeletons, Beaks, and Bone Powder
Morin and his team examined the St. George carcass, took bone powder from old museum specimens, and reviewed DNA tests of whales from the Sea of Okhotsk. They studied skulls and beaks and analyzed records from whaling fleets in Japan. They even tracked down a skeleton hanging from the ceiling in a high school gymnasium in the Aleutian Islands.

This skull of a newly discovered species of whale shows its blowhole vestibule and its nasal and frontal bones.

PHOTOGRAPH BY L. MICHELLE RIDGWAY

The scientists conclude in their study published in Marine Mammal Science that this type of whale, which has not yet been named, is nearly as far removed genetically from the Northern Hemisphere's Baird's beaked whales as it is from its closest known relative, Arnoux's beaked whales, which swim in the Antarctic Ocean. The differences, in fact, are so dramatic that the animal has to be something else, they say.

An Unrecognizable, Baffling Creature

Of the 88 recognized living cetacean species, including orcas and humpbacks, bottlenose dolphins and Dall's porpoises, 22 are beaked whales. The largest of those, Baird's beaked whales, also called giant bottlenose whales, can reach 35 to 40 feet (10.7 to 12 meters) and weigh more than 24,000 pounds (10,900 kilograms). They travel in large groups, may dive 3,000 feet (914 meters), and can be underwater for an hour. While beaked whales are still hunted in Japan, little about them is known. In part that’s because they spend so much time feeding and exploring vast, deep canyons far from shore.

When Christian Hagenlocher on St. George, a 35-square-mile (91-square-kilometer) island inhabited by 100 people, frequented by hundreds of thousands of seals, and visited by 2.5 million birds, pointed out the dead whale in Zapadni Bay to former seal researcher Karin Holser, she thought it was a Baird's beaked whale. But later, as tides and currents revealed more of the animal, Holser realized she didn't recognize it at all. She consulted a colleague's cetacean identification book and sent pictures to other experts in Alaska.

Baird's beaked whales range throughout the North Pacific from Russia and Japan to Mexico. Genetic variation among Baird’s beaked whales was tiny. But for the five new black specimens Morin tested, all initially from the Bering Sea or the Aleutians, the sequences differed from the Baird's beaked whales significantly.

"The genetic variation within the forms was little, while the divergence between them was much larger," Morin says. "That's our strongest argument."

The whale still needs to be formally described and named, and Morin's findings would have to be accepted by outside experts who track cetacean taxonomy. But Pitman and others say the case is strong that it’s a new species.

"We're doing increasing damage to our environment, and we can't even begin to conserve the biodiversity we know is out there," Morin says. "Yet there's so much more about our world we don't even understand."

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Source; nationalgeographic

Andalusian probably the most beautiful horse in the world

The Andalusian Horse

The Andalusian, also known as the Pure Spanish Horse, Spanish/Portuguese Horse or PRE (Pura Raza Española), is a horse breed from the Iberian Peninsula, where its ancestors have lived for thousands of years.

As long as it can be proven that the horse’s bloodlines can be traced in an unbroken line back to Spain or Portugal, they are eligible for any of the available “Andalusian” registries, depending on their bloodlines. See our ‘Organizations’ page for more information on the registry options.

The Andalusian has been recognized as an individual breed since the 15th century, and its conformation has changed very little over the centuries. Throughout its history, it has been known for its prowess as a warhorse, and prized by nobility. The breed was used as a tool of diplomacy by the Spanish government, and kings across Europe rode and owned Spanish horses.


In the 1400’s, a decree was issued by the Spanish military authority, directing the Spanish Breeders to blend their pure Andalusian mares with Neapolitan drafts in response to the weight of armor carried into battle. A small group of family breeders refused, selecting their best horses and hiding them away on monastery lands in Cartujana. The Carthusian monks were said to have managed a breeding program based on these horses for almost 400 years after this.

Around 1835 the government dissolved the church’s ownership of the lands and the horses were passed on to a small handful of families who preserved the original lines for years to come. These horses heavily influenced the breed and although rare, can still be found today, referred to as “Bocado” (Cartujano).

Exports of Andalusians from Spain were restricted until the 1960s, but the breed has since spread throughout the world, despite still-low population numbers due to the cross – breeding in the 14 – 1500’s. In 2010, there were more than 185,000 registered Andalusians worldwide.

Strongly built, and compact yet elegant, Andalusians have long, thick manes and tails. Their most common coat color is gray, although they can be found in many other colors, including buckskin, chestnut and palomino. They are known for their intelligence, sensitivity, docility and versatility.

Aztecas and Quarterhorses - Alcazar Andalusians

The Andalusian is closely related to the Lusitano of Portugal, and has been used to develop many other breeds, especially in Europe and the Americas. Breeds with Andalusian ancestry include many of the warmbloods in Europe as well as western hemisphere breeds such as the Azteca.



Over its centuries of development, the Andalusian breed has been selected for athleticism and stamina. The horses were originally used for classical dressage, driving, bullfighting, and as stock horses. Modern Andalusians are used for and excel in many different disciplines, including open dressage, driving, pleasure and breed shows. They are very versatile and you will often see them shown in many different disciplines at the same show.

The breed is also used extensively in movies, especially historical pictures and fantasy epics.


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Sorce: Andalusianworld and more